Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with vegetable oils as co-solvent

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds: Fundamentals, Applications and Economic Perspectives

“…Possibly, the canola oil penetrated into the matrix and swelled it, enhancing CO 2 access to the soluble compounds. Similar behavior was observed in the extraction of lycopene from tomato (Vasapollo et al 2004) and astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis (Krichnavaruk et al 2008) with the use of vegetable oils as co-solvents.…”

Effects of modifiers on the profile of lycopene extracted from tomato skins by supercritical CO2

“…Extraction results showed that higher yields of lycopene were observed at higher temperatures and pressures. Soybean and olive oils were also investigated as continuous co-solvents for SC-CO 2 extraction of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis (Krichnavaruk et al, 2008). It reported that extraction efficiency increased from 25.4% to 36.4% with soybean oil as a co-solvent and further increased to 51.1% with 10% olive oil.…”

“…Based on the lipophilic properties of lycopene, alternative modifiers and edible oils, have also been proposed instead of ethanol to enhance SC-CO 2 extraction (Vasapollo et al, 2004;Sun and Temelli, 2006;Krichnavaruk et al, 2008). One advantage is that such edible oil does not need to be subsequently separated from the product.…”

“…One advantage is that such edible oil does not need to be subsequently separated from the product. Evidences on the attempts to use vegetable oil as a co-solvent for SC-CO 2 extractions include the extraction of lycopene from tomatoes using hazelnut oil (Vasapollo et al, 2004), extraction of carotenoids from carrots using canola oil (Sun and Temelli, 2006), and the extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis using vegetable oil (Krichnavaruk et al, 2008).…”

Astaxanthin in microalgae: pathways, functions and biotechnological implications

“…The reported biomass productivities range from 0.03 to 0.6 g L pretreated by a mechanical means to disrupt the rigid cell walls, followed by a spray-drying process to produce dry biomass powder. If astaxanthin is the final product, a conventional solvent-based extraction method or supercritical fluid extraction can be applied to wet or dry Haematococcus biomass to obtain concentrated astaxanthin extracts (Bubrick 1991, Mendes-Pinto et al 2001, Nobre et al 2006, Sarada et al 2006, Krichnavaruk et al 2008). …”