Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Hexane Extraction of Wax from Apple Peel Pomace: Content, Composition and Thermal Properties

Li, Jie; Guo, Yurong; Li, Zhuo; Lin, Yiming; Liu, Lei; Zhang, Xiaorui; Deng, Hong

doi:10.1080/01496395.2015.1020951

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Triterpenic acids are localized mainly in the cuticular waxes protecting the fruit from stress factors [ 7 ]; therefore, the vast majority of them remain in the pomace. Meanwhile, the sterols are present in all cells as a natural constituents of lipid bilayer [ 11 ], thus in the case of cloudy juices only part of them will be found in the pomace.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Massias et al [ 10 ] used a mixture of ethanol and CO 2 at 25 MPa and 50 °C for isolation of phenolic compounds. Li et al [ 11 ] compared the isolation of lipids during extraction with hexane and carbon dioxide at 35 MPa and 50 °C; however their work concentrated mainly on the isolation of hydrocarbons. Additionally, two research groups investigated the possibility of using supercritical CO 2 for the removal and analysis of pesticides and fungicides from apple products [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction of Triterpenic Acids and Phytosterols from Apple Pomace with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Impact of Process Parameters, Modelling of Kinetics, and Scaling-Up Study

et al. 2018

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Apple pomace, a byproduct of juice production, is a rich source of bioactive compounds and nutrients. Supercritical fluid extraction was proposed as a method for a fast and selective extraction of hydrophobic compounds with a pharmaceutical potential from this matrix. Chromatographic analysis showed that the pomace contained significant amounts of such substances, the most abundant of them were ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and β-sitosterol. The solubility was chosen as a primary factor for a selection of the extraction conditions; the best results were acquired for a temperature of 80 °C and a pressure of 30 MPa. The equation proposed by Chrastil was applied for the description of the impact of the process parameters on the solubility of the analytes; the obtained values of coefficients of determination were satisfactory, despite the fact that the equation was developed for binary systems. The extraction curves obtained during the experiments were used for the description of the process kinetics using the Broken plus Intact Cell model. The impact of the temperature, pressure, and flow rate of carbon dioxide on the mass transfer phenomena was investigated. The data obtained allowed the prediction of the extraction curve for the process conducted on the larger scale.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Triterpenic Acids and Phytosterols from Apple Pomace with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Impact of Process Parameters, Modelling of Kinetics, and Scaling-Up Study

et al. 2018

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“…Industrial leftover material in particular, such as peels from juice production, provides raw material for isolating fruit wax compounds. For example, extraction of apple peel pomace using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) demonstrated the reuse potential of juice industry leftovers as a source for value-added wax (Li et al, 2015). Recently, Tedeschi et al (2018) demonstrated the utilization of fatty acids from tomato pomace waste for production of packaging films.…”

Section: Bioactivity and Commercial Potential Of Waxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental and Environmental Regulation of Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis in Fleshy Fruits

et al. 2019

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The aerial parts of land plants are covered by a hydrophobic layer called cuticle that limits non-stomatal water loss and provides protection against external biotic and abiotic stresses. The cuticle is composed of polymer cutin and wax comprising a mixture of very-long-chain fatty acids and their derivatives, while also bioactive secondary metabolites such as triterpenoids are present. Fleshy fruits are also covered by the cuticle, which has an important protective role during the fruit development and ripening. Research related to the biosynthesis and composition of cuticles on vegetative plant parts has largely promoted the research on cuticular waxes in fruits. The chemical composition of the cuticular wax varies greatly between fruit species and is modified by developmental and environmental cues affecting the protective properties of the wax. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the cuticular wax biosynthesis during fleshy fruits development, and on the effect of environmental factors in regulation of the biosynthesis. Bioactive properties of fruit cuticular waxes are also briefly discussed, as well as the potential for recycling of industrial fruit residues as a valuable raw material for natural wax to be used in food, cosmetics and medicine.

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“…The fruit cuticle provides an important physical barrier against pathogens [16] avoiding fungal colonization on sweet oranges [17]. Industrial food wastes such as peels from juice production provide raw material for obtaining wax compounds [18]. The cuticle also provides protection against environmental conditions, where excessive solar radiation produces physiological disorders such as sunscald [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robotic Heat Treatments for Mango and Prickly Pear Increase Shelf Life and Reduce Pathogen Infection

Schlam¹

2022

Postharvest Technology - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications

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Mexico is the main exporter of mango fruits and prickly pears, so new postharvest techniques to increase shelf life are studied. Thermal treatments on both fruits can affect their cuticle so it was reviewed. When mango latex remains within the fruits, it avoids sap burn and decreases anthracnose and stem end rot infestation, so two systems were developed to minimize latex de-sapping. A gripper cuts stems 0.5 cm long and cauterizes them with a hot knife implement. A heating gun applied paraffin wax to mangoes without the stem end and protected them better against anthracnose lesions. Physicochemical analysis of several mango varieties was carried out after harvesting, at market place and after pedicel cutting and cauterizing. Keitt mangoes showed the lower quantity of total soluble solids (TSSs) and total acidity (TA). When the pedicel was cauterized, TSS dropped. Two grippers were developed to cryo-cauterize prickly pears as this system is more energy-efficient than hot cauterization. A six-finger gripper moved over a pneumatic actuator toward a dry ice chamber to optimize pear cryo-cauterization. Gripper’s strong grasping damaged the fruits due to excessive compression. TSS and TA of cryo-cauterized fruit remained constant during the three months of fruit storage.

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Hexane Extraction of Wax from Apple Peel Pomace: Content, Composition and Thermal Properties

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Extraction of Triterpenic Acids and Phytosterols from Apple Pomace with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Impact of Process Parameters, Modelling of Kinetics, and Scaling-Up Study

Extraction of Triterpenic Acids and Phytosterols from Apple Pomace with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Impact of Process Parameters, Modelling of Kinetics, and Scaling-Up Study

Developmental and Environmental Regulation of Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis in Fleshy Fruits

Robotic Heat Treatments for Mango and Prickly Pear Increase Shelf Life and Reduce Pathogen Infection

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