Superconducting single flux quantum (SFQ) technology for power-efficiency computing

Ren, Jie; Tang, Guangming; Wang, Feng; Li, Siqi; Qu, Pei-Yao; Gao, Xi; Ying, Liliang; Yang, Shucheng; Liu, Binhan; Zhang, Xue; Gao, Xi; Peng, Wei; Wang, Zhen

doi:10.1007/s42514-022-00114-y

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Superconducting single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuits have remarkable features, such as a clock frequency of several hundred gigahertz and low power consumption [1][2][3]. However, the technology for the large-scale application of SFQ circuits is not yet established [4][5][6] because of their low integration density and low-voltage output signals, and it is difficult to create computing systems or memories with only SFQ and other superconducting technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginzburg–Landau simulations of three-terminal operation of a superconducting nanowire cryotron

Yasukawa,

Nishio,

Mawatari

2024

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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Superconducting nanowire cryotrons (nTrons) are expected to be used as interfaces for super-high-performance hybrid devices in which superconductor and semiconductor circuits are combined. However, nTrons are still under development, and diverse analyses of these devices are needed. Accordingly, we have developed a numerical technique to simulate the three-terminal operation of an nTron by using the finite element method to solve the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) equation and the heat-diffusion equation. Simulations using this technique offer understanding of the dynamics of the order parameter, the thermal behavior, and the characteristics of three-terminal operation, and the TDGL model reproduces qualitatively the results of nTron experiments conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In addition, we investigated how some geometric and physical parameters (the design elements) affect the operation characteristics. The TDGL model has far fewer free parameters compared with the lumped-element electrothermal model commonly used for simulating superconducting devices. Furthermore, the TDGL model provides time-dependent visual information about the superconducting state and the normal state, thereby offering insights into the relationship between nTron geometry and three-terminal operation. These simulation results offer a route to nTron optimization and the development of nTron applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginzburg–Landau simulations of three-terminal operation of a superconducting nanowire cryotron

Yasukawa,

Nishio,

Mawatari

2024

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…Interest in superconducting circuits has been rising because of their combination of ultrahigh speed with ultralow power consumption, particularly when conventional complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology has been reaching its physical limits. , Although the fabrication of large-scale superconducting circuits based on Nb/AlO x /Nb junction technology is progressing rapidly, − the circuit integration level remains much lower than that of CMOS technology. Unlike field-effect transistors (FETs) in CMOS circuits, conventional superconducting Josephson junctions (JJs) cannot be controlled by using a local gate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gate-Tunable Critical Current of the Three-Dimensional Niobium Nanobridge Josephson Junction

Yu,

Chen,

Pan

et al. 2023

Nano Lett.

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Recent studies have shown that the critical currents of several metallic superconducting nanowires and Dayem bridges can be locally tuned by using a gate voltage (V g ). Here, we report a gate-tunable Josephson junction structure constructed from a three-dimensional (3D) niobium nanobridge junction (NBJ) with a voltage gate on top. Measurements up to 6 K showed that the critical current of this structure can be tuned to zero by increasing V g . The critical gate voltage was reduced to 16 V and may possibly be reduced further by reducing the thickness of the insulation layer between the gate and the NBJ. Furthermore, the flux modulation generated by Josephson interference of two parallel 3D NBJs can also be tuned by using V g in a similar manner. Therefore, we believe that this gate-tunable Josephson junction structure is promising for superconducting circuit fabrication at high integration levels.

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CMOS-to-SFQ Interface Circuits for RZ and NRZ Coded Signals Transformation

Li,

Gao,

Liu

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Superconducting single flux quantum (SFQ) technology for power-efficiency computing

Cited by 4 publications

References 157 publications

Ginzburg–Landau simulations of three-terminal operation of a superconducting nanowire cryotron

Ginzburg–Landau simulations of three-terminal operation of a superconducting nanowire cryotron

Gate-Tunable Critical Current of the Three-Dimensional Niobium Nanobridge Josephson Junction

CMOS-to-SFQ Interface Circuits for RZ and NRZ Coded Signals Transformation

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