Sunscreen Use and Sweat Production in Men and Women

Corona, Jorge Alberto Aburto; Vargas, Aragón

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-51.11.01

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…An early study by Connolly and Wilcox measured skin temperature after 40 min of exercise for skin sites with and without an SPF 15 chemical sunscreen and found no significant differences between the sunscreen‐treated and control sites. A more recent study confirmed an SPF 50 chemical sunscreen did not impact the sweat secretion rate after 20 min of exercise, but found application of an SPF 50 inorganic sunscreen reduced the sweat secretion rate by 17% . Skin temperature was not measured in that study, so it was not clear whether thermal regulation was affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This is not surprising, as the rate of water loss is extremely low at the skin surface and is not likely impeded further without the application of a very occlusive layer (petrolatum, for example). However, previous studies showed inconsistent results when comparing the rates of water loss or the ‘breathability’ of skin with sunscreens vs. without sunscreen during exercise . Moreover, it is not clear whether the sunscreens used in those studies were designed to be water‐resistant or were washed off by sweating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sunscreen formulations do not interfere with sweat cooling during exercise

Ouyang

Meyer

Houser³

et al. 2017

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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OBJECTIVE: Sweating plays a critical role in maintaining thermal balance and keeping skin cool during exercise. People often wear sunscreens on hot summer days for sun protection. Most recreational sunscreens are designed to be water-and sweat-resistant, so that sweating will not remove or compromise the protection. The objective of this study was to determine whether wearing sweat-resistant sunscreen might impede natural sweating, potentially interfering with thermal regulation and resulting in the elevation of skin temperature. METHODS: We conducted a controlled, randomized, split-face and split-arm clinical study with 24 female subjects wearing an SPF 70 lotion sunscreen on half of the face and an SPF 70 spray sunscreen on one of the forearms at a dosage of 2 mg cm À2. Following sunscreen application, subjects participated in two sessions of indoor exercise to induce clearly visible sweating. RESULTS: We found that both skin temperatures and sweat evaporation rates were significantly elevated after each session, yet there were no significant differences in either skin temperatures or sweat rates between the treated and untreated control sites at any time point for any of the skin sites measured. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the application of tested sweatresistant sunscreen lotions and sprays does not have any measurable effects on skin cooling by natural sweating process. People should continue to use these sunscreens during recreational activities.R esum e OBJECTIF: La transpiration joue un rôle essentiel dans le maintien de l' equilibre thermique et pour garder la peau fraiche pendant l'exercice. Les gens portent souvent des ecrans solaires pendant les chaudes journ ees d' et e pour se prot eger du soleil. La plupart des ecrans solaires r ecr eatifs sont conc ßus pour r esister a l'eau et a la transpiration, de sorte que la transpiration n' elimine ni ne compromet la protection. L'objectif de cette etude etait de d eterminer si le port d'un ecran solaire r esistant a la transpiration pourrait entraver la transpiration naturelle, interf erant potentiellement avec la r egulation thermique et entraînant une el evation de la temp erature cutan ee. M ETHODES:Nous avons men e une etude clinique contrôl ee, randomis ee, h emi-visage et bras droit -bras gauche, avec 24 sujets f eminins portant un lotion solaire SPF 70 sur la moiti e du visage et un ecran solaire SPF 70 sur un des avant-bras a un dosage de 2 mg/cm2. Apr es l'application de la cr eme solaire, les sujets ont particip e a deux s eances d'exercices en salle pour induire une transpiration clairement visible. R ESULTATS: Nous avons constat e que les temp eratures cutan ees et les taux d' evaporation de la sueur etaient significativement elev es apr es chaque s eance, mais qu'il n'y avait pas de diff erences significatives de la temp erature cutan ee ou de la sudation entre les sites trait es et non trait es. CONCLUSION: Nous concluons que l'application de lotions antisolaires r esistants a la transpiration test es et des sprays n'a aucun effet m...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunscreen formulations do not interfere with sweat cooling during exercise

Ouyang

Meyer

Houser³

et al. 2017

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Certain Fig. 2 Schematic detailing some of the body's major responses to exercise in the heat, from the acute responses to the chronic adaptations that occur with repeated exposures sunscreens [137,138] and deodorants [138,139] can impair both convective and evaporative heat loss more than others, while similar problems may occur when using eye-black or camouflage paint.…”

Section: Skin Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within this, it is important that soldiers do not compromise the limited skin-air contact that does exist. Certain sunscreens [ 137 , 138 ] and deodorants [ 138 , 139 ] can impair both convective and evaporative heat loss more than others, while similar problems may occur when using eye-black or camouflage paint.…”

Section: Strategies To Combat the Effects Of Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for improving thermal tolerance in military personnel prior to deployment

2020

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Acute exposure to heat, such as that experienced by people arriving into a hotter or more humid environment, can compromise physical and cognitive performance as well as health. In military contexts heat stress is exacerbated by the combination of protective clothing, carried loads, and unique activity profiles, making them susceptible to heat illnesses. As the operational environment is dynamic and unpredictable, strategies to minimize the effects of heat should be planned and conducted prior to deployment. This review explores how heat acclimation (HA) prior to deployment may attenuate the effects of heat by initiating physiological and behavioural adaptations to more efficiently and effectively protect thermal homeostasis, thereby improving performance and reducing heat illness risk. HA usually requires access to heat chamber facilities and takes weeks to conduct, which can often make it impractical and infeasible, especially if there are other training requirements and expectations. Recent research in athletic populations has produced protocols that are more feasible and accessible by reducing the time taken to induce adaptations, as well as exploring new methods such as passive HA. These protocols use shorter HA periods or minimise additional training requirements respectively, while still invoking key physiological adaptations, such as lowered core temperature, reduced heart rate and increased sweat rate at a given intensity. For deployments of special units at short notice (< 1 day) it might be optimal to use heat re-acclimation to maintain an elevated baseline of heat tolerance for long periods in anticipation of such an event. Methods practical for military groups are yet to be fully understood, therefore further investigation into the effectiveness of HA methods is required to establish the most effective and feasible approach to implement them within military groups.

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“…In another study, the effect of sweat‐inducing physical activities on the UV protection of water‐resistant sunscreens was assessed [42]. While these studies assessed sunscreen film efficacy upon sweating, others investigated the effect of sunscreen film on perspiring conditions, such as skin occlusion or changes in sweat evaporation, skin temperature and skin cooling [43–45]. In vivo evaluations of sunscreen behaviour on perspiring human skin are costly, time‐ and labour‐consuming, and complicated due to the intra‐ and inter‐subject biological variability, along with the difficulties in controlling sweat rate and in collection of sweat for analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro skin model for characterization of sunscreen substantivity upon perspiration

Keshavarzi

Knudsen

Brewer

et al. 2021

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Objective The resistance of sunscreens to the loss of ultraviolet (UV) protection upon perspiration is important for their practical efficacy. However, this topic is largely overlooked in evaluations of sunscreen substantivity due to the relatively few well‐established protocols compared to those for water resistance and mechanical wear. Methods In an attempt to achieve a better fundamental understanding of sunscreen behaviour in response to sweat exposure, we have developed a perspiring skin simulator, containing a substrate surface that mimics sweating human skin. Using this perspiring skin simulator, we evaluated sunscreen performance upon perspiration by in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) measurements, optical microscopy, ultraviolet (UV) reflectance imaging and coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. Results and conclusion Results indicated that perspiration reduced sunscreen efficiency through two mechanisms, namely sunscreen wash‐off (impairing the film thickness) and sunscreen redistribution (impairing the film uniformity). Further, we investigated how the sweat rate affected these mechanisms and how sunscreen application dose influenced UV protection upon perspiration. As expected, higher sweat rates led to a large loss of UV protection, while a larger application dose led to larger amounts of sunscreen being washed‐off and redistributed but also provided higher UV protection before and after sweating.

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Sunscreen Use and Sweat Production in Men and Women

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Sunscreen formulations do not interfere with sweat cooling during exercise

Sunscreen formulations do not interfere with sweat cooling during exercise

Methods for improving thermal tolerance in military personnel prior to deployment

In vitro skin model for characterization of sunscreen substantivity upon perspiration

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