1985
DOI: 10.1001/archderm.121.11.1400
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Sunscreen application and its importance for the sun protection factor

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Cited by 119 publications
(61 citation statements)
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“…35 Figure 3 schematically shows the skin surface. 36 According to Brown and Diffey 34 , although there is wide variation among individuals, the average volume for a given product to cover all the "ridges" present on the skin surface, corresponding to one (1) cm 2 , would be between 1 to 2 μl . In this case, any topical product, assuming a density of 1 g/cm 3 , would not cover the "top" of the epidermal ridges to the minimum of 1 mg/cm 2 .…”
Section: Fps -Controversiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…35 Figure 3 schematically shows the skin surface. 36 According to Brown and Diffey 34 , although there is wide variation among individuals, the average volume for a given product to cover all the "ridges" present on the skin surface, corresponding to one (1) cm 2 , would be between 1 to 2 μl . In this case, any topical product, assuming a density of 1 g/cm 3 , would not cover the "top" of the epidermal ridges to the minimum of 1 mg/cm 2 .…”
Section: Fps -Controversiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several studies published in the literature [36][37][38][39][40][41] show that the amount of sunscreen applied by users varies from 0.39 to 1.3 mg/cm 2 , much less than the amount applied in the laboratory test to determine the SPF, as recommended by internationally accepted methods . 10,.32 The interference of the applied amount in the level of protection offered by sunscreens was evaluated by different authors.…”
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confidence: 99%
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“…Se requieren aproximadamente dosis de 20 a 70 mJ/cm 2 para producir un mínimo eritema cutáneo. La exposición a múltiples DEM (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) puede terminar provocando una quemadura. La capacidad eritematógena de los UVA es 600-1.000 veces inferior a los UVB, necesitándose dosis de 20-80 J/cm 2 para producir un mínimo enrojecimiento cutá-neo.…”
Section: Los Rayos Ultravioleta Pueden Terminar Pro V O C a Ndo Seriounclassified
“…White fluorescent lamps, emitting UV-A and a little UV-B, slightly augment the effects of sun exposure. For normal skin, UV-B screens are generally sufficient except for lengthy exposure when WV-A protection is also needed; high SPF absorbent screens (about [10][11][12][13][14][15] are usually appropriate for fair skins and medium SPF (about [5][6][7][8][9] …”
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confidence: 99%