Summary: workshop on health risks attributable to ETS exposure in the workplace.

Jaakkola, Maritta S.; Samet, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s6823

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A more current example concerns the health risks attributable to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at work (316). In 2000, an amendment of the Tobacco Control Act came into force in Finland.…”

Section: Prevention Of Work-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Nurminen¹,

Karjalainen²

2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

260

202

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Objectives This study attempts to estimate the proportion of annual deaths related to occupational factors in Finland and considers related methodological issues and associated uncertainties.Methods Statistics on causes of death, numbers of subjects exposed, and risk ratios obtained from the epidemiologic literature were used to estimate the population attributable fraction and disease burden for causes of death from work-related diseases. Gender-, age-and disease-specific numbers of deaths were provided by Statistics Finland for 1996. Information on the size of the population, broken down by gender, age, occupation, and industry, was acquired from population censuses. A Finnish job-exposure matrix supplied data on the prevalence of exposure for specific agents and the level of exposure among exposed workers. ResultsThe attributable fraction of work-related mortality in the relevant disease and age categories was estimated to be 7% (10% for men and 2% for women), and for all diseases and ages the fraction was 4%. For the main cause-of-death categories, the attributable fraction became 12% for circulatory system diseases, 8% for malignant neoplasms, 4% for respiratory system diseases, 4% for mental disorders, 3% for nervous system diseases, and 3% for accidents and violence. The following estimates were obtained for specific important diseases: 24% for lung cancer, 17% for ischemic heart disease, 12% for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 11% for stroke. Based on these fractions, the total number of work-related deaths that occurred in Finland in 1996 was calculated to be on the order of 1800 (employed work force of 2.1 million); 86% involved men.Conclusions High-quality epidemiologic studies and national survey data are essential for obtaining reliable estimates of the proportion of deaths attributable to occupational factors. The magnitude of work-related mortality is an insufficiently recognized contributor to total mortality in Finland, especially from circulatory diseases and other diseases caused by exposure to agents other than asbestos.Key terms attributable fraction, burden of disease, epidemiologic methods, health statistics, occupational exposure. Global estimates of the burden of disease due to occupational factors have been calculated through the application of Finnish rates of registered work-related diseases (1). The approach is subject to the following two fundamental uncertainties: (i) the validity of the data on disease incidence from the national reporting scheme and (ii) the validity of worldwide extrapolations to different regions with different exposure circumstances. With the exception of studies using workers' compensation records, only a few research projects have estimated the magnitude of morbidity or mortality induced by exposure to hazardous agents or stress factors in the work environment at a state or national level. The investigations conducted in this area have covered New York State (2), the whole of the United States (3), Canada (4), and Australia (5). Given the lack of ...

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Section: Prevention Of Work-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Nurminen¹,

Karjalainen²

2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

260

202

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is an increasing body of evidence that ETS increases the risk of e.g., cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and lung cancer [Jaakkola and Samet, 1999b;Ducatman and McLellan, 2000]. In Finland, it has been estimated that in 1996 about 250 fatalities were due to ETS exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure of non‐smoking restaurant personnel to environmental tobacco smoke in Finland

Johnsson

Tuomi

Hyvärinen

et al. 2003

American J Industrial Med

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If 9 ng cotinine/mg((creatinine)) is considered as the level above which heavy exposure has occurred, then this level was exceeded by 14 (approximately 60%) subjects at least once during the work week. Nicotine metabolite concentrations in the urine increased during the work week in 80% of the subjects, and the increase was especially noticeable for subjects working in both pubs and nightclubs. The study indicates that measures to restrict ETS exposure in restaurants are needed.

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“…There is convincing evidence that ETS causes lung cancer and coronary heart disease, both of which are diseases of the elderly [8,[32][33][34][35]. Several cross-sectional studies have shown increased occurrence of chronic respiratory symptoms and deficits in ventilatory lung function in relation to ETS exposure at home and/or at work [8,13,28,32,[36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Health Effects Of Respirable Suspended Particles Nitrogen Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor air pollution and respiratory health in the elderly

Simoni

Jaakkola

Carrozzi

et al. 2003

European Respiratory Journal

107

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People spend about o80-90% of their daily time indoors, elderly people especially at home. Thus, it is important to investigate possible health effects of indoor air pollutants and to consider their contributions to the total human exposure.This report summarises current knowledge on health effects of three common indoor air pollutants, respirable suspended particles, nitrogen dioxide and environmental tobacco smoke, with focus on the adults and the elderly. Preliminary findings on exposure distributions and health effects of these pollutants in older subjects of two panel studies carried out in Italian general populations will also be reported.The two indoor pollution studies were performed in the Po Delta area in North Italy (428 subjects and 140 houses investigated) and in Pisa in Central Italy (761 subjects and 282 houses investigated). Individuals aged o65 yrs spent a significantly larger number of hours at home than the other age groups both in winter and in summer. A trend of higher occurrence of acute respiratory symptoms in the presence of environmental tobacco smoke was shown in comparison to the unexposed elderly both in winter (31 versus 29%) and summer (33 versus 16%). The occurrence of acute respiratory symptoms was consistently higher in relation to the high respirable suspended particles-index exposure compared to low exposure (33 versus 27% in winter, 27 versus 21% in summer). Both the presence of environmental tobacco smoke at home and exposure to the high respirable suspended particles-index were associated with a decrease in the mean daily peak expiratory flow. Eur Respir J 2003; 21: Suppl. 40, 15s-20s.

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Summary: workshop on health risks attributable to ETS exposure in the workplace.

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Occupational exposure of non‐smoking restaurant personnel to environmental tobacco smoke in Finland

Indoor air pollution and respiratory health in the elderly

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