Summary of Comments on Analysis of Hungarian red deer trophies by means of Principal component analysis in two different counties

Bokor, Julianna; Bokor, Árpád; Nagy, János; Horn, Peter A.; Nagy, István

doi:10.5513/jcea01/14.1.1220

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In trophy-centric game management the CIC formula is used internationally for evaluating the quality of trophies (CIC: Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation, www.cic-wildlife.org ). The formula comprises qualitative measurements (weight in kg, lengths of main beams, brow and tray tines, circumferences at 3 points on the main beams, spread of the main beams in cm) and qualitative factors (for example, color, beading, shape of the crown); details can be seen, for example, in Bokor et al [ 52 ]. The best trophies gain bronze (above 180 CIC points), silver (above 190 CIC points) or gold medals (“capital” antlers, above 210 CIC points).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining the red deer genome (CerEla1.0) to develop X-and Y-chromosome-linked STR markers

et al. 2020

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Microsatellites are widely applied in population and forensic genetics, wildlife studies and parentage testing in animal breeding, among others, and recently, high-throughput sequencing technologies have greatly facilitated the identification of microsatellite markers. In this study the genomic data of Cervus elaphus (CerEla1.0) was exploited, in order to identify microsatellite loci along the red deer genome and for designing the cognate primers. The bioinformatics pipeline identified 982,433 microsatellite motifs genome-wide, assorted along the chromosomes, from which 45,711 loci mapped to the X- and 1096 to the Y-chromosome. Primers were successfully designed for 170,873 loci, and validated with an independently developed autosomal tetranucleotide STR set. Ten X- and five Y-chromosome-linked microsatellites were selected and tested by two multiplex PCR setups on genomic DNA samples of 123 red deer stags. The average number of alleles per locus was 3.3, and the average gene diversity value of the markers was 0.270. The overall observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.755 and 0.832, respectively. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) ranged between 0.469 and 0.909 per locus with a mean value of 0.813. Using the X- and Y-chromosome linked markers 19 different Y-chromosome and 72 X-chromosome lines were identified. Both the X- and the Y-haplotypes split to two distinct clades each. The Y-chromosome clades correlated strongly with the geographic origin of the haplotypes of the samples. Segregation and admixture of subpopulations were demonstrated by the use of the combination of nine autosomal and 16 sex chromosomal STRs concerning southwestern and northeastern Hungary. In conclusion, the approach demonstrated here is a very efficient method for developing microsatellite markers for species with available genomic sequence data, as well as for their use in individual identifications and in population genetics studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining the red deer genome (CerEla1.0) to develop X-and Y-chromosome-linked STR markers

et al. 2020

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“…Almost all parameters grow together with the age up to 12-14 years. After this period the parameters usually start to decrease slowly (Bokor et al, 2013) (Suttie et al, 1983). Equally, researches of many authors have shown the correlation between development of antler and body mass (Degmečić, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) - the first milestone in antler development

Degmečić¹,

Florijančić

2018

Poljoprivreda

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Selection of males is based on two main parameters, degree of physical development (body weight) and the stage of secondary sexual characteristic development -antlers. Antlers can be characterized as a weapon which reflects the age, body weight and physiological condition. In particular, antler development is an indicator for selection of yearlings and young males too. Selection in age class "young males" (age 3-5 years) is crucial for managing male side of red deer population. In this age class young males require a lot of energy because they experience, both skeletal and physical development. In this age class it is important to mention that important elements of antlers appear -tines and possible royal. The research was conducted in the Baranja Danube area from the fenced unit of the hunting area in the same nutritional and habitat conditions. Cast antlers of 13 males were measured during their life (individual approach). After the data processing special attention was given to the "young males" age class. Trend of growth for all the observed parameters appeared. What occurred is the so-called first significant "jump -milestone" of antler development. Significant development of antlers in young males appear in the fifth year of their life when the young males reach the required physical and skeletal development. Thus, development of antlers can't jeopardize parallel operations of other body processes.

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Variation of antlers in individual red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags: repeatability, age and side effects

2023

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Antlers are formed anew each year to realise an optimal relationship between their size and weight and the physical body condition in Cervidae. This results in the objective to match fighting abilities with size and mechanical performance of the antlers, as well as to advertise these correlated abilities to other males and females. The resulting variation in individual antler characteristics from year to year can show considerable differences. To characterise and understand these differences is important in hunting, game management and deer breeding, as well as potentially to assess the habitat quality. However, relatively few traits of the antler have been scientifically tested for this purpose, and only a few studies were conducted on the same individual in free-ranging red deer over the years. The objective of the present study was to quantify the influence of the individual (repeatability), the age and the site on the expression of 125 antler characteristics. For this purpose, we collected 35 stags with an average of about 10 consecutive antlers per individual (confirmed by genetic analysis), a total of 355 antlers. The antlers were scanned 3-dimensionally and measured semi-automatically. Numbers, lengths, distances, circumferences, bending, curvatures, angles, forms and CIC (International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation) characteristics were compiled and evaluated in a generalised linear mixed model adapted to the distribution of the characteristics. The complete model explained 1.6 to 83% of character variation. Mean repeatability of the characteristics varied between 2.7 and 74.4%. The stags’ age explained 0 to 36.4%, and the side explained 0 to 2.5% of the variability. Some characteristics of burr, signet, beam and the lower tines reached the highest repeatability; the highest variability was found in characteristics of the crown. Values of 11 features that are frequently used in other studies corresponded very well with the present study. However, some features reached higher repeatability every year, whereas others varied more closely with age. Such characteristics might be selectively included into further research or practical applications to increase informative value.

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Summary of Comments on Analysis of Hungarian red deer trophies by means of Principal component analysis in two different counties

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Mining the red deer genome (CerEla1.0) to develop X-and Y-chromosome-linked STR markers

Mining the red deer genome (CerEla1.0) to develop X-and Y-chromosome-linked STR markers

Red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) - the first milestone in antler development

Variation of antlers in individual red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags: repeatability, age and side effects

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