Summary and Conclusions

Pia, H. W.; Gleave, J. R. W.; Gleave, R. W.; Grote, E.; Zierski, J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66042-9_29

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…of different etiology, particularly aneurysms, and vascular tumors resulting from autonomous growth of vasoformative elements, will not be considered. It should be recognized, however, that the coexistence of intracranial vascular malformations and arterial aneurysms is estimated to occur in 7-10% [126,180,187,191] and 118 case report have been collected by Fox [76]. Combined occurrence of arterial aneurysms with angiomas in the spinal cord has been reported in 2,2 to 6,0% of the latter vascular anomaly [103,250].…”

Section: Definition and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Combined occurrence of arterial aneurysms with angiomas in the spinal cord has been reported in 2,2 to 6,0% of the latter vascular anomaly [103,250]. On the other hand, the distinction between vascular malformation and vascular tumor is not always easy to make, and two kinds of lesions may also coexist in the same patient [74,121,191,192,200].…”

Section: Definition and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 96%

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Vascular malformations of the central nervous system: A morphological overview

Jellinger

1986

Neurosurg. Rev.

243

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Vascular malformations of the central nervous system (C.N.S.) are classified by size, location, and morphologic type, distinguishing capillary telangiectasias, cavernous malformations, venous angiomas, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) including varix of the great vein of Galen, and other vascular malformations (e.g. Sturge-Weber syndrome). The morphology and predominant location pattern of the different types of vascular malformations in the brain and spinal cord, and their embryology are reviewed. In the brain and its coverings, all types mainly AVMs and venous angiomas do occur, representing 5-9% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions and 20-40% of the sources of surgically treated intracranial hemorrhages. 50-80% of the angiomas are located in the cerebral hemispheres, 10-18% in central brain areas (basal ganglia, internal capsule, choroid plexus), and 10-30% in the posterior fossa. The major types of cerebral vascular malformations are described with reference to their anatomical features, location, chief arterial and venous supply, and prominent complications. Spinal vascular malformations, accounting for 3 to 12% of spinal space-occupying lesions, include vertebral, extradural, dural, subpial and intramedullary angiomas which occur as isolated or complex vascular anomalies and may involve various covering layers at the same level. The preferential occurrence of angiomas on the dorsal surface of the cord and in the caudal regions is related to the embryologic development of spinal vasculature. Frequent association of spinal angiomas (20-25%) with other vascular anomalies and dysplasias emphasizes their hamartomatous nature and developmental origin. Spinal angiomas include capillary telangiectasias with extra- or intradural and, rarely, intramedullary location, cavernomas, mainly arising in vertebral bodies, venous angiomas, mainly located in vertebral bodies and in the extradural space, and AVMs constituting the commonest type, that may affect both the pial and radicular vessels and can penetrate into the cord. They present as simple AV fistulas, cirsoid angiomas with localized vascular plexuses and large complex convolutions ("juvenile" type). The complications of spinal angiomas include subarachnoid hemorrhage, rare epidural hematoma, hematomyelia, compression lesions of the cord and roots, and ischemic changes causing chronic progressive radiculomyelopathy, previously referred to as Foix-Alajouanine syndrome. Chronic damage to the cord and spinal roots results from pressure effects, thrombosis of the abnormal vessels, disorders of venous drainage, and "steal" phenomena related to the vascular anomalies.

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Section: Definition and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Definition and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Vascular malformations of the central nervous system: A morphological overview

Jellinger

1986

Neurosurg. Rev.

243

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“…Even AVM in anatomically important areas of the brain hitherto considered inoperable have been successfully excised without producing any neurological deficits [5], Recently Pia et al [15] reaffirms the feasibility of surgical excision with little mortality and morbidity in the majority of cerebral AVM and emphasises the importance of the op erating microscope in achieving the results. However, the goal is far from being reached.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in Children

So¹

1978

Pediatr Neurosurg

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A series of 36 children under the age of 13 with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) was retrospectively reviewed. It is shown that haemorrhage is by far the commonest initial manifestation of the lesion, followed by seizures. Of the 14 children who have seizures, 10 suffered from haemorrhage within an observation period of 3 months to 7 years. Analysis of the results of the various forms of treatment indicates that total surgical extirpation provides the best safeguard against future haemorrhage. It is suggested that all cerebral AVM in children should be excised whenever possible.

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“…15] or less recent [13] literature, it appears that several 1AVM are still regarded as inoperable due to their size and/or site. However, the new surgical possibilities opened by microsurgery are known and, to remain within the field of pediatric angiomas, recent reports illustrated the possibilities of surgical removal [1,19], embolization [12] and radiofrequency electrocoagulation [23] with negligible mortality and/or morbidity, even for deep-seated IAVM of hazardous surgical accessibility. A few such cases are not alien to our own series ( fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in Children (56 Cases)

Gerosa¹,

Cappellotto²,

Licata³

et al. 1981

Pediatr Neurosurg

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A survey of 56 patients aged ≤ 16 years, admitted (1954–1979) for cerebral arteriovenous malformations, is presented. The clinical manifestation was mostly related to hemorrhage, less frequently to epilepsy or to a cerebral ‘steal’ syndrome. The most frequent site was the parietal lobe, with supply from the middle cerebral artery. Deep malformations were not uncommon and most lesions were of medium or large size. 38 patients were operated upon, and 18 were given treatment other than surgical (including radiotherapy). 23 malformations were completely excised, in 4 patients only a partial excision could be carried out, and in 10 patients surgery consisted of occlusion (clipping or coagulation) of feeding vessels. In 1 patient, surgery had to be limited to removal of an intracerebral hematoma. The immediate and long-term results of treatment are much better in the surgical than in the nonsurgical group.

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Summary and Conclusions

Cited by 6 publications

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Vascular malformations of the central nervous system: A morphological overview

Vascular malformations of the central nervous system: A morphological overview

Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in Children

Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in Children (56 Cases)

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