“…Similar physical bounds restricting the performance of passive structures have been presented in several papers treating matching methods [5], nite size scatterers [10,2628], antennas [8,9], absorbers [18], articial magnetic ground planes [4], and metamaterials [7,25,29]. A common factor for all these bounds, is that the integrated electromagnetic interaction of the scatterer, antenna, or material, is bounded by the static properties of the system.…”