Sum Parameters: Potential and Limitations

Frimmel, Fritz H.; Abbt‐Braun, Gudrun

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53199-5.00048-8

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The high values of TOC, TN, and COD in the AqP are important and demand special attention since the reported values are high when compared with regular wastewater. For example, while the AqP of the present experiment reports COD values between 47 g/L and 69 g/L, the municipal wastewater COD is in the range of 0.3 g/L to 1 g/L, and after biological treatment, the COD drops to 0.02-1.0 g/L [49]. It means that the concentration of pollutants in the AqP is up to 70 times higher than regular wastewater.…”

Section: Aqueous Phasecontrasting

confidence: 50%

Potential Use of Plant Biomass from Treatment Wetland Systems for Producing Biofuels through a Biocrude Green-Biorefining Platform

et al. 2021

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The potential of using the biomass of four wetland plant species (Iris pseudacorus, Juncus effusus, Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia) grown in treatment wetland systems and under natural conditions were tested to produce high-value materials using hydro-thermal liquefaction (HTL). The results show that the wetland plants biomass is suitable for biocrude and biochar production regardless of the origin. The hydrothermal liquefaction products’ (biocrude, biochar, aqueous and gaseous phase) yields vary according with the specific biomass composition of the species. Furthermore, the results show that the biomass composition can be affected by the growing condition (treatment wetland or natural unpolluted conditions) of the plants. None of the single components seems to have a determinant effect on the biocrude yields, which reached around 30% for all the analyzed plants. On the contrary, the biochar yields seem to be affected by the composition of the biomass, obtaining different yields for the different plant species, with biochar yields values from around 12% to 22%, being that Phragmites australis is the one with the highest average yield. The obtained aqueous phase from the different plant species produces homogeneous compounds for each plant species and each growing environment. The study shows that biomass from treatment wetlands is suitable for biocrude production. The environmental value of this biomass lies on the fact that it is considered a residual product with no aggregated value. The treatment wetland biomass is a potential sustainable source for biofuel production since these plants do not need extra land or nutrients for growing, and the biomass does not compete with other uses, offering new sources for enhancing the bioeconomy concepts.

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Section: Aqueous Phasecontrasting

confidence: 50%

Potential Use of Plant Biomass from Treatment Wetland Systems for Producing Biofuels through a Biocrude Green-Biorefining Platform

et al. 2021

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“…The COD limit must be less than 250 mg/L to be fit to be discharged in a water body. Higher COD levels mean more oxidizable organic material to remain in water samples [48], which causes dissolved oxygen levels to drop down and, as a result, causes anaerobic conditions that are not fit for drinking nor for aquatic life to be sustained. Suppose that the COD of the water body was more than 250 mg/L, in this case, the water body would have a harmful amount of inactive, organic, and biologically active substances, making the water unfit for drinking.…”

Section: Chemical Oxygen Demand (Cod)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Machine-Learning Approach for Prediction of Water Contamination Using Latitude, Longitude, and Elevation

Banerjee¹,

Bali

Nawaz

et al. 2022

Water

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One of the significant issues that the world has faced in recent decades has been the estimation of water quality and location where safe drinking water is available. Due to the unexpected nature of the mode of water contamination, it is not easy to analyze the quality and maintain it. Some machine-learning techniques are used for predicting contaminating factors but there is no technique that can predict the contamination using latitude, longitude, and elevation. The main aim of this paper is to put factors such as water body location and elevation, which are used as inputs, into the different machine-learning techniques that predict the contamination. The results are reviewed and analyzed according to groundwater contamination and the chemical composition of the groundwater location. Non-changeable factors such as latitude, longitude, and elevation are used to predict pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen hardness, chlorides, alkalinity, and chemical oxygen demand. Such a study has not been conducted in the past where location-based factors are used to predict the water contamination of any area. This research focuses on creating a relationship between the location base factors affecting the water contamination in a given area.

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“…Thomas equation is the equation that commonly used for approaching a continuous adsorption process in order to find out the mass transfer constant rate (k), and mass transfer capacity of adsorption (qo). A linearization of equation into logarithmic approach (1) to volume of fixed bed adsorption output obtained from the experiment breakthrough curve is demanded to solve this Thomas equation. The linearization is shown in the figure 6.…”

Section: Thomas Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NOM is not a single substance but composed of many components. Those components are humin, humic acids, and fulvic acids (Frimmel and Abbt-Braun, 1999;Peuravuori et al, 2002). The difference between those three major NOM compounds may indicate from their solubility through H condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fixed Bed Adsorption of Natural Organic Matter Using Ozonated Carbon Active

et al. 2018

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Nowadays water, one the most important substance in human life, are being much polluted by not only industrial activities but also caused by human activities and natural polluted material. One of the natural impurities that commonly occur in water is Natural Organic Matter (NOM). NOM are extracted organic compounds from soils, plants, or decomposed animals that infiltrate into the water body when the water contacts with those materials. Thus, the presence of NOM in water body is inevitable. Many techniques have been applied to remove this impurity such as coagulation, flocculation, and filtration. In this research, NOM were controlled using ozonated activated carbon in a fixed bed adsorption system. There were two parameters studied that are activated carbon ozonation time that ranging from 5 - 25 minutes and the fixed bed height of 1 - 7.5 cm. Interestingly, the investigation showed that the optimum condition for the bed height was obtained at 6 cm whilst the optimum carbon active ozonation time was at 5 minute. The experiment was concordant with the conducted BET analysis that showed the highest activated carbon surface area at 5 minute compared to other ozonation time. The ozonated activated carbon was also found to be have slightly better adsorption performance compared to unozonated activated carbon bought from the market with capacity of ozonated activated carbon adsorption was found to be 6.12 ϰ 10-3 mg/g.

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Sum Parameters: Potential and Limitations

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

Potential Use of Plant Biomass from Treatment Wetland Systems for Producing Biofuels through a Biocrude Green-Biorefining Platform

Potential Use of Plant Biomass from Treatment Wetland Systems for Producing Biofuels through a Biocrude Green-Biorefining Platform

A Machine-Learning Approach for Prediction of Water Contamination Using Latitude, Longitude, and Elevation

Fixed Bed Adsorption of Natural Organic Matter Using Ozonated Carbon Active

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