Sulfosalt systematics: a review. Report of the sulfosalt sub-committee of the IMA Commission on Ore Mineralogy

Moëlo, Yves; Makovicky, Emil; Mozgova, N. N.; Jambor, John L.; Cook, Nigel J.; Pring, Allan; Paar, Werner H.; Nickel, Ernest H.; Graeser, S.; Karup-Møller, Sven; Balic-unic, Tonči; Mumme, W. G.; Vurro, Filippo; Topa, Dan

doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1778

Cited by 268 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…Members of the tetrahedrite isotypic series are classified as sulfosalts; a group of sulphides containing As 3+ , Sb 3+ , Bi 3+ or Te 4+ , where one or more of these metalloid cations is associated with one or more metallic cations [4]. The metalloids are not bonded to the metals; both exclusively bond to the anion S 2− (or more rarely Se 2− or Te 2− ).…”

Section: Crystal Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tetrahedrite isotypic series [1][2][3][4] can be expressed by the general formula A 6 (B,C) 6 X 4 Y 12 Z, where A = Cu or Ag in triangular coordination, B = Cu or Ag in tetrahedral coordination, C = Fe or Zn, or more rarely Pb, Hg, Cd or Mn also in tetrahedral coordination, X = Sb, As, or more rarely Bi or Te in Table 1. Named minerals in the tetrahedrite isotypic series.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minor and Trace Elements in Natural Tetrahedrite-Tennantite: Effects on Element Partitioning among Base Metal Sulphides

2017

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Minerals of the tetrahedrite isotypic series are widespread components of base metal ores, where they co-exist with common base metal sulphides (BMS) such as sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite. We used electron probe microanalysis and laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry to obtain quantitative multi-trace element data on tetrahedrite-tennantite in a suite of 37 samples from different deposits with the objective of understanding which trace elements can be incorporated, at what levels of concentration, and how the presence of tetrahedrite-tennantite influences patterns of trace element partitioning in base metal ores. Apart from Fe and Zn, Hg and Pb are the two most abundant divalent cations present in the analysed tetrahedrite-tennantite (up to 10.6 wt % Hg and 4 wt % Pb). Cadmium, Co and Mn are also often present at concentrations exceeding 1000 ppm. Apart from one particularly Te-rich tetrahedrite, most contained very little Te (around 1 ppm), irrespective of prevailing assemblage. Bismuth is a common minor component of tetrahedrite-tennantite (commonly > 1000 ppm). Tetrahedrite-tennantite typically hosts between 0.1 and 1000 ppm Se, while Sn concentrations are typically between 0.01 and 100 ppm. Concentrations of Ni, Ga, Mo, In, Au, and Tl are rarely, if ever, greater than 10 ppm in tetrahedrite-tennantite and measured W concentrations are consistently <1 ppm. Taking into account the trace element concentrations in co-crystallizing BMS, the results presented allow the partitioning trends between co-crystallized sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite-tennantite to be defined. In co-crystallizing BMS assemblages, tetrahedrite-tennantite will always be the primary host of Ag, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, and Sb, and will be the secondary host of Cd, Hg, and Bi. In contrast, tetrahedrite-tennantite is a poor host for the critical metals Ga, In, and Sn, all of which prefer to partition to co-crystallizing BMS. This study shows that tetrahedrite-tennantite is a significant carrier of a range of trace elements at concentrations measurable using contemporary instrumentation. This should be recognized when establishing protocols for trace element analysis of tetrahedrite-tennantite, and when assessing the main hosts of trace elements in any given assemblage, e.g., for geometallurgical purposes.

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Section: Crystal Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor and Trace Elements in Natural Tetrahedrite-Tennantite: Effects on Element Partitioning among Base Metal Sulphides

2017

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“…Sakharovaite (ideally FePb 4 (Sb, Bi) 6 S 14 ) is considered to be either a Bi-rich variety of jamesonite, or a separate species, with Bi ↔ Sb substitution close to 50 at. % limit (Moëlo et al 2008).…”

Section: Sb (At %)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-sulphotellurides associated with Pb – Bi – (Sb ± Ag, Cu, Fe) sulphosalts: an example from the Stan Terg deposit in Kosovo

Kołodziejczyk¹,

Pršek²,

Voudouris³

et al. 2017

Geologica Carpathica

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New mineralogical and mineral-chemical data from the Stan Terg deposit, Kosovo, revealed the presence of abundant Bi-sulphotellurides associated with Bi-and Sb-sulphosalts and galena in pyrite-pyrrhotite-rich skarn-free ore bodies (ores without skarn minerals). The Bi-bearing association comprises Bi-sulphotellurides (joséite-A, joséite-B, unnamed phase A with a chemical formula close to (Bi,Pb) 2 (TeS) 2 , unnamed phase B with a chemical composition close to (Bi,Pb) 2.5 Te 1.5 S 1.5 ), ikunolite, cosalite, Sb-lillianite, members of the kobellite series and Bi-jamesonite. Compositional trends of the Bi-sulphotellurides suggest lattice-scale incorporation of Bi-(Pb)-rich module and/or admixture with submicroscopic PbS layers in modulated structures, or complicated Bi-Te substitution. Cosalite is characterized by high Sb (max. 3.94 apfu), and low Cu and Ag (up to 0.72 apfu of Cu+Ag). Jamesonite from this mineralization has elevated Bi content, from 0.85 to 2.30 apfu. The negligible content of Au and Ag in the Bi-sulphotellurides, the low content of Ag in Bi-sulphosalts, together with the lack of Au-Ag bearing phases in the mineralization, indicate either ore deposition from fluid(s) depleted in precious metals, or physico-chemical conditions of ore formation preventing Au and Ag precipitation at the deposit site. The temperature of initial mineralization may have exceeded 400 ºC as suggested by the lamellar exsolution textures observed in lillianite, which indicate breakdown textures from decomposition of hightemperature initial crystals. Non-stoichiometric phases among the Bi-sulphosalts and sulphotellurides studied at Stan Terg reflect modulated growth processes in a metasomatic environment.

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“…Moëlo et al (2008) summarized reports concerning Ag-rich tetrahedrite and freibergite. Following Rozhdestvenskaya et al (1993) the actual structural formula of freibergite may be represented as (Ag 4+2x Cu 2−2x )[(Cu,Ag) 4 (Fe, Zn) 2 ] Σ6Sb 4 S 12 S 1−x with (0 < x < 1).…”

Section: Ag-rich Tetrahedrite and Freibergitementioning

confidence: 99%

The paragenesis of silver minerals in the Pb-Zn Stan Terg deposit, Kosovo - an example of precious metal epithermal mineralization.

Kołodziejczyk¹,

Pršek²,

Asllani³

et al. 2016

geol

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This study reports silver mineral association found recently in the Stan Terg lead and zinc mine, located in the Vardar zone (in northern Kosovo). The described mineralization comprises pyrargyrite (Ag 3 SbS 3 ), freieslebenite (AgPbSbS 3 ), high-Ag bearing tetrahedrite and freibergite ((Ag 4+2x Cu 2−2x )[(Cu,Ag) 4 (Fe, Zn) 2 ]Σ6Sb 4 S 12 S 1−x with (0 < x < 1)); as well as native compounds (Electrum, composition of those minerals was confirmed by the electron microprobe. The freibergite from native silver is native antimony). The Ag-minerals occur in vuggs and cracks in a massive galena ore and have signs of the latest minerals, which precipitated in the deposit. The chemical of the Stan Terg deposit reveals zonality and contains between 13.91-20.28% of Ag. The high concentration of Ag in solutions is also indicated by relatively high silver content in Au-Ag alloy (electrum), which is between 47.02% and 73.19% of Ag. The Ag association is supposed to be an epithermal equivalent of precious metal mineralization, which could be located in the external part of the Stan Terg hydrothermal system. This association occurs in low temperatures, below 200°C. The Ag-minerals can be a part of epithermal veins from the external part of the Stan Terg hydrothermal system. Similarly to the other known Pb-Zn-Ag hydrothermal systems, the Ag association is related to the formation of the rhodochrosite banded ore and Ag-Au-Sb dominated mineralization.

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Sulfosalt systematics: a review. Report of the sulfosalt sub-committee of the IMA Commission on Ore Mineralogy

Cited by 268 publications

References 229 publications

Minor and Trace Elements in Natural Tetrahedrite-Tennantite: Effects on Element Partitioning among Base Metal Sulphides

Minor and Trace Elements in Natural Tetrahedrite-Tennantite: Effects on Element Partitioning among Base Metal Sulphides

Bi-sulphotellurides associated with Pb – Bi – (Sb ± Ag, Cu, Fe) sulphosalts: an example from the Stan Terg deposit in Kosovo

The paragenesis of silver minerals in the Pb-Zn Stan Terg deposit, Kosovo - an example of precious metal epithermal mineralization.

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