Suitability of several carbon sorbents for the fractionation of various sub-groups of toxic polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans

Concejero, Miguel Angel; Ramos, Lourdes; Jiménez, Begoña; Gómara, Belén; Abad, Esteban; Rivera, J.; González, María José

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00667-7

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For the clean-up of the extracts two multilayer columns filled with neutral silica, silica modified with sulfuric acid (44%, w/w), and silica modified with KOH (56%, w/w) were employed using n-hexane as elution solvent. When required, the final extract containing the target compounds was subjected to further fractionation on Supelclean TM ENVI TM -Carb SPE cartridges (Supelco, Palo Alto, USA), as described elsewhere [16] to separate ortho-substituted PCBs plus PBDEs from PCDD/PCDF and non-ortho-substituted PCBs. HBCD remains in the PBDEs fraction [17].…”

Section: Sample Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for screening and quantification of hexabromocyclododecane

et al. 2015

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A fast method for the screening and quantification of hexabromocyclododecane (sum of all isomers) by gas chromatography using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization respectively. Parameters affecting ionization and MS/MS detection were studied. Method performance was also evaluated; calibration curves were found linear from 1 pg/µL to 100 pg/µL for the total HBCD concentration; instrumental detection limit was estimated to be 0.10 pg/µL; repeatability and reproducibility, expressed as relative standard deviation, were better than 7% in both cases. The application to different real samples (polyurethane foam disks (PUFs), food, and marine samples) pointed out a rapid way to identify and allow quantification of this compound together with a number of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE congeners 28, 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, 184, 191, 196, 197, and 209) and two other novel brominated flame retardants, i.e., decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), due to their presence in the same fraction when performing the usual sample treatment.

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Section: Sample Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for screening and quantification of hexabromocyclododecane

et al. 2015

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“…Both columns were eluted with 125 and 100 mL of n-hexane, respectively. Fractionation between PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs from ortho PCBs plus PBDEs and PBBs was achieved using Supelclean TM ENVI TM -Carb SPE cartridges as described elsewhere [6]. The fraction containing ortho PCBs + PBDEs + PBBs was then evaporated under a gentle stream of nitrogen, redissolved with 60 L of n-hexane and injected (50 L) into a HPLC for fractionation, using the HPLC method developed for separation of chlorinated and brominated compounds.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final clean-up step of these methods is designed to obtain three fractions: (i) PCDD/Fs (ii) planar (dioxin-like) PCBs, and (iii) the bulk of PCBs plus PBDEs and PBBs. While the first two fractions (PCDD/Fs and planar PCBs) are generally analysed by gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) [5], the last can be analysed either by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) [6] or gas chromatography coupled to low-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [7]. The main limitation of both instrumental systems is GC coelutions among congeners of the three families (PCBs, PBDEs, and PBBs), which may cause identification problems (in ECD detection) and interference problems, increasing the background noise and detection limits (in MS detection).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of chlorinated and brominated persistent organic pollutants in several food samples by pyrenyl-silica liquid chromatography prior to GC–MS determination

Gómara

García-Ruiz

González

et al. 2006

Analytica Chimica Acta

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A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using a column of 2-(1-pyrenyl) ethyldimethylsilylated silica was developed in this work in order to achieve satisfactory and reproducible fractionation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from brominated flame retardants (BFRs) (polybrominated diphenylethers, PBDEs; and polybrominated biphenyls, PBBs). After the study of different chromatographic parameters (mobile phase composition and separation temperature were the most important) an isocratic elution with isooctane:toluene (98:2, v/v) at a flow-rate of 1 mL/min, a temperature of 45• C, and UV-detection at 225 nm was selected for fractionation of PCBs (time region, 4.0-5.8 min) from PBDEs (5.8-9.0 min) and from PBBs (5.8-11.0 min). The applicability of this method to food samples was demonstrated by fractionating PCBs from PBDEs in three food samples (cheese, milk, and fish). Interferences from PCBs (present in real samples at much higher concentrations than PBDEs) were removed in this way. In addition, by analysing these samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with and without previous fractionation we were able to observe an improvement in detection sensitivity for PBDEs after HPLC fractionation.

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“…A large variety of methods dealing with the fractionation of PCBs and the simultaneous isolation of PCDD/Fs from PCBs have been reported [5 -7, 19]. The method described here is clearly advantageous as most of those methods are based on the use of open liquid chromatography columns packed with Florisil [8 -11, 19], and active and graphitic carbons [19], which require long analysis times and large volumes of solvents in comparison with IAC methods.…”

Section: Retention Of the Different Organochlorinated Compounds Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in retention of dioxin‐like compounds and organochlorinated insecticides on an immunochromatographic column. Interpretation and applicability

Concejero

Abad²,

Rivera³

et al. 2004

J of Separation Science

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The retention of organochlorinated compounds on an immunochromatographic column is studied. The compounds considered are usually found together in real samples of environmental concern, and include chlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, chlorinated dibenzofurans, and organochlorinated insecticides. The different retention observed for different compounds is interpreted in light of the structural similarities of the compound studied with that used as a hapten to raise the antibodies employed as ligands in the immunochromatographic column. Differences in retention of the organochlorinated compounds on the immunocolumn make it possible to fractionate them. Mixtures of phosphate buffer solution and ACN in different ratios were used as desorption agents. Depending on the percentage of ACN employed, different fractionations of the organochlorinated compounds are obtained. The use of 20% ACN allows fractionation of most insecticides from chlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans. Besides, chlorinated biphenyls of different chlorination degree can be separated. Moreover, pentachlorinated dioxins and pentachlorinated furans are separated from hexachlorinated biphenyls. Fractionation is of critical importance from a practical point of view, as it avoids some of the interferences that otherwise take place during the subsequent gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of these compounds. In this way, immunochromatography makes it possible to perform in a single step all the processes (extraction, clean-up, concentration, and fractionation) that are needed prior to the GC/MS analysis of these analytes in aqueous samples. An additional advantage of this method is the reusability of the immunoaffinity chromatography column for more than 500 times.

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Suitability of several carbon sorbents for the fractionation of various sub-groups of toxic polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Potential of gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for screening and quantification of hexabromocyclododecane

Potential of gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for screening and quantification of hexabromocyclododecane

Fractionation of chlorinated and brominated persistent organic pollutants in several food samples by pyrenyl-silica liquid chromatography prior to GC–MS determination

Differences in retention of dioxin‐like compounds and organochlorinated insecticides on an immunochromatographic column. Interpretation and applicability

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