Suicide Mortality of Young, Middle-aged and Elderly Males and Females in Japan for the Years 1953-96: Time Series Analysis for the Effects of Unemployment, Female Labour Force, Young and Aged Population, Primary Industry and Population Density

Yamasaki, Akira; Araki, Shunichi; Sakai, Ryutaro; Yokoyama, Kazuhito; Voorhees, Abby S. Van

doi:10.2486/indhealth.46.541

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Previous study revealed that the relations between suicide mortality rate and socioeconomic factors varied not only in gender (Andrés et al, 2010) but also in age, periods and localities (Aihara et al, 2002;Yamasaki et al, 2008). These prompted us to make further analyses on Japanese suicide by age and region (e.g., at the national level or the prefecture level).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gender differences of suicide in Japan, 1947–2010

Liu

Zhang

Cho

et al. 2013

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gender differences of suicide in Japan, 1947–2010

Liu

Zhang

Cho

et al. 2013

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…A study with recent Taiwan data observed that never married males had the highest suicide rates [39]. Divorce was also related to suicides in Japan [40], Taiwan [41], Australia [42] and Romania [43]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial clusters of suicide in the municipality of São Paulo 1996–2005: an ecological study

et al. 2012

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BackgroundIn a classical study, Durkheim mapped suicide rates, wealth, and low family density and realized that they clustered in northern France. Assessing others variables, such as religious society, he constructed a framework for the analysis of the suicide, which still allows international comparisons using the same basic methodology. The present study aims to identify possible significantly clusters of suicide in the city of São Paulo, and then, verify their statistical associations with socio-economic and cultural characteristics.MethodsA spatial scan statistical test was performed to analyze the geographical pattern of suicide deaths of residents in the city of São Paulo by Administrative District, from 1996 to 2005. Relative risks and high and/or low clusters were calculated accounting for gender and age as co-variates, were analyzed using spatial scan statistics to identify geographical patterns. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations with socioeconomic variables, considering, the spatial cluster of high suicide rates as the response variable. Drawing from Durkheim’s original work, current World Health Organization (WHO) reports and recent reviews, the following independent variables were considered: marital status, income, education, religion, and migration.ResultsThe mean suicide rate was 4.1/100,000 inhabitant-years. Against this baseline, two clusters were identified: the first, of increased risk (RR = 1.66), comprising 18 districts in the central region; the second, of decreased risk (RR = 0.78), including 14 districts in the southern region. The downtown area toward the southwestern region of the city displayed the highest risk for suicide, and though the overall risk may be considered low, the rate climbs up to an intermediate level in this region. One logistic regression analysis contrasted the risk cluster (18 districts) against the other remaining 78 districts, testing the effects of socioeconomic-cultural variables. The following categories of proportion of persons within the clusters were identified as risk factors: singles (OR = 2.36), migrants (OR = 1.50), Catholics (OR = 1.37) and higher income (OR = 1.06). In a second logistic model, likewise conceived, the following categories of proportion of persons were identified as protective factors: married (OR = 0.49) and Evangelical (OR = 0.60).ConclusionsThis risk/ protection profile is in accordance with the interpretation that, as a social phenomenon, suicide is related to social isolation. Thus, the classical framework put forward by Durkheim seems to still hold, even though its categorical expression requires re-interpretation.

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“…Some other studies report a mixed or changing relationship between FLFP and suicide (Burr, McCall, & PowellGriner, 1997;Lucey et al, 2005;Stack, 1987;Trovato & Vos, 1992), which may be because social norms and values have adjusted to female employment in high-income countries over time (i.e., as female employment does not pose a threat to normative values or roles in society) (Austin, Bologna, & Hayama Dodge, 1992;Stack, 2000b). However, other research supports the idea that female participation in the workforce has an adverse influence on male and female suicide rates (Aliverdinia & Pridemore, 2009;Cutright & Fernquist, 2001a;Fernquist, 1999;Fernquist & Cutright, 1998;Milner, McClure, et al, 2012;Neumayer, 2003;Yamasaki, Araki, Sakai, & Voorhees, 2008). Some of the reasons for these differences may be connected to social, economic or cultural differences in the settings under study.…”

Section: Female Participation In the Workforce (N = 18)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Social-Environmental Factors and Suicide Mortality: A Narrative Review of over 200 Articles

Milner¹,

Hjelmeland²,

Arensman³

et al. 2013

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Suicide mortality in a population has long been thought to be sensitive to social, economic and cultural contexts. This review examined research on the relationship between social-environmental variables and suicide mortality published over a ten-year period. The main areas covered in the review included: the economy and income, unemployment, relationship status, fertility and birth rates, female participation in the workforce, religion, migration, location of residence, modernisation, media reporting, alcohol, and access to suicide methods. Results of the review indicated that rates of suicide mortality (deaths per 100,000 in a population) were sensitive to a wide range of social factors. There were relatively stable associations noted between divorce and unemployment with suicide mortality, while many of the reported associations between suicide mortality and other social variables (such as religion, fertility and female participation in the workforce) were influenced by contextual factors and time. These findings indicate the importance of considering the relationship between social factors and suicide as dynamic phenomena.

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Suicide Mortality of Young, Middle-aged and Elderly Males and Females in Japan for the Years 1953-96: Time Series Analysis for the Effects of Unemployment, Female Labour Force, Young and Aged Population, Primary Industry and Population Density

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Gender differences of suicide in Japan, 1947–2010

Gender differences of suicide in Japan, 1947–2010

Spatial clusters of suicide in the municipality of São Paulo 1996–2005: an ecological study

Social-Environmental Factors and Suicide Mortality: A Narrative Review of over 200 Articles

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