Sugar transport in (hyper)thermophilic archaea

Koning, Sonja M.; Albers, Sonja‐Verena; Konings, Wil N.; Driessen, Arnold J. M.

doi:10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01289-x

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is consistent with the fact that the apu Tk gene is clustered within the subunit genes of the transporter itself. The possibility that amylopullulanase resides on the cell surface has been proposed in closely related hyperthermophilic archaea (1,23,32). The enzyme from Thermococcus hydrothermalis has been reported to harbor a large C-terminal extension with three domains in addition to the central catalytic domain (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of a Sugar Transporter Gene Cluster in a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Using a Host-Marker System Based on Antibiotic Resistance

et al. 2007

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We have developed a gene disruption system in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis using the antibiotic simvastatin and a fusion gene designed to overexpress the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase gene (hmg Tk ) with the glutamate dehydrogenase promoter. With this system, we disrupted the T. kodakaraensis amylopullulanase gene (apu Tk ) or a gene cluster which includes apu Tk and genes encoding components of a putative sugar transporter. Disruption plasmids were introduced into wild-type T. kodakaraensis KOD1 cells, and transformants exhibiting resistance to 4 M simvastatin were isolated. The transformants exhibited growth in the presence of 20 M simvastatin, and we observed a 30-fold increase in intracellular HMG-CoA reductase activity. The expected gene disruption via double-crossover recombination occurred at the target locus, but we also observed recombination events at the hmg Tk locus when the endogenous hmg Tk gene was used. This could be avoided by using the corresponding gene from Pyrococcus furiosus (hmg Pf ) or by linearizing the plasmid prior to transformation. While both gene disruption strains displayed normal growth on amino acids or pyruvate, cells without the sugar transporter genes could not grow on maltooligosaccharides or polysaccharides, indicating that the gene cluster encodes the only sugar transporter involved in the uptake of these compounds. The ⌬apu Tk strain could not grow on pullulan and displayed only low levels of growth on amylose, suggesting that Apu Tk is a major polysaccharide-degrading enzyme in T. kodakaraensis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of a Sugar Transporter Gene Cluster in a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Using a Host-Marker System Based on Antibiotic Resistance

et al. 2007

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“…Many other microbial species (including most Archaea) lack the PTS system (Koning et al, 2002;Silva et al, 2005), but the prevalence of diauxic versus non-diauxic growth as a physiological trait within the bacterial and archaeal domains is currently not well described. Archaeal and bacterial species without PTS transporters employ alternative carbohydrate transporter systems, including ABC transporters, and secondary transporters such as the major facilitator superfamily and major intrinsic protein (Koning et al, 2002;Silva et al, 2005;Joshua et al, 2011). These alternative transport systems are thought to be less involved in the regulation of metabolism and transcription than PTS (Saier, 2001).…”

Section: Regulation Of Carbohydrate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis of Chthonomonas calidirosea, the first sequenced isolate of the phylum Armatimonadetes

et al. 2014

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Most of the lineages of bacteria have remained unknown beyond environmental surveys using molecular markers. Until the recent characterisation of several strains, the phylum Armatimonadetes (formerly known as 'candidate division OP10') was a dominant and globally-distributed lineage within this 'uncultured majority'. Here we report the first Armatimonadetes genome from the thermophile Chthonomonas calidirosea T49 T and its role as a saccharide scavenger in a geothermal steam-affected soil environment. Phylogenomic analysis indicates T49 T to be related closely to the phylum Chloroflexi. The predicted genes encoding for carbohydrate transporters (27 carbohydrate ATP-binding cassette transporter-related genes) and carbohydrate-metabolising enzymes (including at least 55 putative enzymes with glycosyl hydrolase domains) within the 3.43 Mb genome help explain its ability to utilise a wide range of carbohydrates as well as its inability to break down extracellular cellulose. The presence of only a single class of branched amino acid transporter appears to be the causative step for the requirement of isoleucine for growth. The genome lacks many commonly conserved operons (for example, lac and trp). Potential causes for this, such as dispersion of functionally related genes via horizontal gene transfer from distant taxa or recent genome recombination, were rejected. Evidence suggests T49 T relies on the relatively abundant r-factors, instead of operonic organisation, as the primary means of transcriptional regulation. Examination of the genome with physiological data and environmental dynamics (including interspecific interactions) reveals ecological factors behind the apparent elusiveness of T49 T to cultivation and, by extension, the remaining 'uncultured majority' that have so far evaded conventional microbiological techniques.

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“…The ABC transporters are diverse, and some of their solute specificities have been identified for other Sulfolobus strains (15,24). Cellobiose, maltose, and arabinose transporters are present in both of the Icelandic genomes and most other sequenced S. solfataricus and S. islandicus genomes, although a few S. islandicus strains lack one of the systems, as follows: the arabinose system is absent from strain YG5714, while the maltose system is not present in strains YN1551 and LD215.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Analyses of Icelandic Strains ofSulfolobus islandicus, Model Organisms for Genetic and Virus-Host Interaction Studies

et al. 2011

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The genomes of two Sulfolobus islandicus strains obtained from Icelandic solfataras were sequenced and analyzed. Strain REY15A is a host for a versatile genetic toolbox. It exhibits a genome of minimal size, is stable genetically, and is easy to grow and manipulate. Strain HVE10/4 shows a broad host range for exceptional crenarchaeal viruses and conjugative plasmids and was selected for studying their life cycles and host interactions. The genomes of strains REY15A and HVE10/4 are 2.5 and 2.7 Mb, respectively, and each genome carries a variable region of 0.5 to 0.7 Mb where major differences in gene content and gene order occur. These include gene clusters involved in specific metabolic pathways, multiple copies of VapBC antitoxin-toxin gene pairs, and in strain HVE10/4, a 50-kb region rich in glycosyl transferase genes. The variable region also contains most of the insertion sequence (IS) elements and high proportions of the orphan orfB elements and SMN1 miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs), as well as the clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based immune systems, which are complex and diverse in both strains, consistent with them having been mobilized both intra-and intercellularly. In contrast, the remainder of the genomes are highly conserved in their protein and RNA gene syntenies, closely resembling those of other S. islandicus and Sulfolobus solfataricus strains, and they exhibit only minor remnants of a few genetic elements, mainly conjugative plasmids, which have integrated at a few tRNA genes lacking introns. This provides a possible rationale for the presence of the introns.Iceland has been a rich source of hyperthermophilic crenarchaea over the past 3 decades and especially of acidothermophilic members of the order Sulfolobales. Many Sulfolobus islandicus strains ("Island" is German for "Iceland") have also yielded many novel viruses showing varied and sometimes unique morphologies and exceptional genome contents. These properties are consistent with these viruses constituting an archaeal lineage distinct from those of bacteria and eukarya, and they have now been classified into several new viral families (38, 63). In addition, a family of conjugative plasmids has been characterized, with most members deriving from Iceland, which appear to conjugate by a mechanism unique to the archaeal domain (18,37).Although the availability of genome sequences of Sulfolobus strains and their genetic elements has yielded important insights into the biology of these model crenarchaea, a major impediment to more detailed insights has been the paucity of robust and versatile vector-host systems for genetic studies. A few Sulfolobus species have been successfully employed as hosts for such systems, including Sulfolobus solfataricus strains P1 and 98/2 (22, 58), Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (57), and S. islandicus strain REY15A (54). To date, the genetic tools developed for the latter host are the most versatile and include the following: (i) Sulfolobus-Escherichia coli shuttle...

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Sugar transport in (hyper)thermophilic archaea

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Disruption of a Sugar Transporter Gene Cluster in a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Using a Host-Marker System Based on Antibiotic Resistance

Disruption of a Sugar Transporter Gene Cluster in a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Using a Host-Marker System Based on Antibiotic Resistance

Genomic analysis of Chthonomonas calidirosea, the first sequenced isolate of the phylum Armatimonadetes

Genome Analyses of Icelandic Strains ofSulfolobus islandicus, Model Organisms for Genetic and Virus-Host Interaction Studies

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