Sugar intake from sweet food and beverages, common mental disorder and depression: prospective findings from the Whitehall II study

Knüppel, Anika; Shipley, Martin J.; Llewellyn, Clare; Brunner, Eric J.

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05649-7

Cited by 159 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Other evidence for associations of meat consumption with depression comes from studies investigating Western dietary pattern as a whole [41], rather than its single components (i.e., high intake of red and processed meat, refined grains, sweets and high fat dairy products). Our finding of a lack of association with high fat dairy products and red/processed meat suggests that perhaps the other elements of the Western diet, namely high sugar and fat consumption, drive the association between a Western dietary pattern and depressive symptom, which has been confirmed by other studies [42,43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Association of food groups with depression and anxiety disorders

et al. 2019

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Purpose Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with fewer depressive symptoms, however, it is unknown whether this is attributed to some or to all components. We examined the association between the individual food groups of the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), in isolation and in combination, with depression and anxiety (symptom severity and diagnosis). Methods Data from 1634 adults were available from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Eleven energyadjusted food groups were created from a 238-item food frequency questionnaire. In regression analysis, these were associated in isolation and combination with (1) depressive and anxiety disorders (established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview) (current disorder n = 414), and (2) depression and anxiety severity [measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Fear Questionnaire (FEAR)].Results Overall, the MDS score shows the strongest relationships with depression/anxiety [Diagnosis: odds ratio (OR) 0.77 per SD, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.66-0.90, IDS: standardised betas (β) − 0.13, 95% CI − 0.18, − 0.08] and anxiety (BAI: β − 0.11, 95% CI − 0.16, − 0.06, FEAR: β − 0.08, 95% CI − 0.13, − 0.03). Greater consumption of non-refined grains and vegetables was associated with lower depression and anxiety severity, whilst being a non-drinker was associated with higher symptom severity. Higher fruit and vegetable intake was associated with lower fear severity. Non-refined grain consumption was associated with lower odds and being a non-drinker with greater odds of current depression/anxiety disorders compared to healthy controls, these associations persisted after adjustment for other food groups (OR 0.82 per SD, 95% CI 0.71-0.96, OR 1.26 per SD 95% CI 1.08-1.46). Conclusion We can conclude that non-refined grains, vegetables and alcohol intake appeared to be the driving variables for the associated the total MDS score and depression/anxiety. However, the combined effect of the whole diet remains important for mental health. It should be explored whether an increase consumption of non-refined grains and vegetables may help to prevent or reduce depression and anxiety.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Association of food groups with depression and anxiety disorders

et al. 2019

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“…Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of these, which could explain the findings of lower psychological distress and higher resilience with higher fruit and vegetable intake. Nutrients with negative effects on mental health are those with pro-inflammatory effects, including saturated fats and sugar when consumed in excess [56,59,60]. The findings of higher psychological distress and lower resilience with higher intakes of takeaway and soft drink are in line with this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Are Psychological Distress and Resilience Associated with Dietary Intake Among Australian University Students?

Whatnall

Patterson

Siew

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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University students report unhealthy diets and experience poorer mental health than the general population. This study explores the association between psychological distress and resilience with dietary intake in a sample of Australian university students. Cross-sectional data from the University of Newcastle Student Healthy Lifestyle Survey 2017 were analysed. Psychological distress (Kessler Scale), resilience (Brief Resilience Scale) and fruit, vegetable, soft drink, takeaway food and breakfast intakes (short diet questions) were assessed. Socio-demographic (e.g., gender), student (e.g., undergraduate/postgraduate) and health characteristics (e.g., physical activity) were captured. Multivariate linear regression models explored associations between psychological distress and resilience with dietary intake, with adjustment for potential confounders. Analysis included 2710 students (mean age 26.9 ± 9.5 years, 30.4% male). In adjusted models, lower psychological distress was associated with higher fruit (β = −0.37, p = 0.001) and vegetable (β = −0.37, p < 0.001) serves/day, more frequent breakfast consumption (p < 0.001) and less frequent soft drink and takeaway food consumption (p < 0.001). Higher resilience was associated with higher fruit (β = 0.03, p = 0.022) and vegetable (β = 0.06, p < 0.001) serves/day, more frequent breakfast consumption (p = 0.005), and less frequent soft drink (p < 0.001) and takeaway food consumption (p = 0.001). These results highlight a potential link between psychological distress and resilience with diet, and that further research in this area is warranted.

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“…Importantly, sensitivity to palatable food rewards peaks during adolescence [12]. A recent epidemiological study suggests a possible link between sweet beverages consumption and the prevalence of depression [13]; however, experimental evidence is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlimited sucrose consumption during adolescence generates a depressive-like phenotype in adulthood

Gueye

Vendruscolo

Ávila

et al. 2018

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Depression is highly prevalent worldwide, but its etiology is not fully understood. An overlooked possible contributor to the epidemic of depression is feeding styles, particularly at early age when the brain is intensely changing. We have previously reported that unlimited sucrose consumption during adolescence leads to enduring changes in brain reward function. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sucrose consumption during adolescence would lead to a 'depressive-like' phenotype. Adolescent male rats were given unlimited access to 5% sucrose in their home cages from postnatal day 30 to postnatal day 46 and their emotional behavior was subsequently examined at adulthood. Sucrose consumption during adolescence caused anhedonia, decreased motivation for saccharin, increased immobility in the forced swim test and exacerbated anxiety-like behavior. Additionally, sucrose consumption during adolescence decreased cell proliferation in the hippocampus in adulthood. Chronic treatment with imipramine (10 mg/kg) normalized behavior and restored cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult rats with a history of sucrose consumption during adolescence. A similar sucrose consumption starting at adulthood only increases immobility in the forced swim test, suggesting that sucrose intake affects also adults' behavior but to a lesser degree. Overall, our findings reveal an unsuspected protracted effect of sucrose consumption on behavior and suggest that unlimited sucrose consumption during critical periods of brain development may play an important role in the etiology of reward-related disorders such as depression.

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Sugar intake from sweet food and beverages, common mental disorder and depression: prospective findings from the Whitehall II study

Cited by 159 publications

References 53 publications

Association of food groups with depression and anxiety disorders

Association of food groups with depression and anxiety disorders

Are Psychological Distress and Resilience Associated with Dietary Intake Among Australian University Students?

Unlimited sucrose consumption during adolescence generates a depressive-like phenotype in adulthood

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