Succession of mycorrhizal fungi on birch: infection of seedlings planted around mature trees

Fleming, L. V.

doi:10.1007/bf02182661

Cited by 97 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is likely that persistence of ECM in a mural environment is related to their ability to colonize B. pendula root systems by airborne spore deposition and competitive exclusion of late-stage fungi that require different quality and quantity of carbon supply, as well as less harsh and richer environments. Our results show that (at least in mural environments) L. pubescens can establish mycorrhizae on birch seedlings not necessary by means of mycelial strands or hyphae that need to remain attached to the food base provided by the parent tree, as was suggested by prior studies (Fleming 1983;Fox 1983). …”

Section: Mycorrhizaesupporting

confidence: 49%

Living on the edge: Ecology of an incipient Betula-fungal community growing on brick walls

Trocha

Oleksyn

Turzanska

et al. 2007

Trees

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Walls provide extreme habitats where plants are subjected to various environmental hazards, including water deficit, shortage or excess of irradiance, and nutrient unbalance, and soil communities are in initial stages of development. Here we analyzed the soil substrate, mycorrhizal status, leaf structure and chemistry, CO 2 exchange and water relations of birch trees growing on brick walls of a 19th century building. The substrate was characterized by high pH, Ca, S, Zn, Cl, and Na concentrations and low concentrations of P, K, Mg, and Fe. From 45 to 70% of live fine roots were colonized by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) species: Hebeloma mesophaeum, Hebeloma helodes, Lactarius pubescens, Tomentella lilacinogrisea. Birch on the wall had typical leaf N concentrations, but stomatal conductance was extremely low, and as a consequence, so was net CO 2 assimilation rate. This research showed how a rudimentary soil, plant, and microbial community could develop even in a vertical and chemically foreign environment. Birch plants were able to maintain balanced foliar stoichiometry in a highly unbalanced substrate and acquire enough nutrients to drive sufficient C gain to provide energy for themselves and fungal symbionts.

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Section: Mycorrhizaesupporting

confidence: 49%

Living on the edge: Ecology of an incipient Betula-fungal community growing on brick walls

Trocha

Oleksyn

Turzanska

et al. 2007

Trees

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“…Colonisation by ectomycorrhizal fungi of seedlings isolated from adult trees is most likely due to fungal propagules already present in the soil or introduced through spore rain. Fleming (1983Fleming ( , 1984 and Simard et al (1997b) showed that seedlings isolated from roots by trenching acquired mycorrhizal fungi different from those in contact with living roots. In the present study, the identity of the ectomycorrhizal morphotypes was not determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Importance of the ectomycorrhizal network for seedling survival and ectomycorrhiza formation in rain forests of south Cameroon

Onguene¹,

Kuyper

2002

Mycorrhiza

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An investigation was undertaken at two sites south Cameroon to assess the importance of living roots of adult trees as sources of inoculum for survival, ectomycorrhizal colonisation and growth of seedlings of Paraberlinia bifoliolata. One-month-old seedlings of Paraberlinia bifoliolata, isolated from or in contact with roots of adult target trees, were transplanted in concentric circles 5, 10, 15, and 30 m away from the stem bases of four adult tree species (Afzelia bipindensis, Brachystegia cynometroides, Paraberlinia bifoliolata and Tetraberlinia bifoliolata). After 4 and 8 months, survival, ectomycorrhiza formation and seedling height were observed; plant biomass was determined after 8 months. After 4 months, there was no difference in seedling survival between seedlings in contact with roots of adult trees and isolated seedlings. The number of ectomycorrhizal seedlings was higher among seedlings in contact with adult trees than among isolated seedlings. After 8 months, both seedling survival and ectomycorrhiza formation were higher in seedlings in contact with roots than in isolated seedlings. Seedling survival and ectomycorrhiza formation were highest under Brachystegia. The fraction of surviving seedlings that had formed ectomycorrhizas was lowest under Afzelia. The fraction of surviving seedlings that were ectomycorrhizal declined monotonically towards the edge of the crown projection. Biomass of seedlings in contact with adult trees was significantly higher than that of isolated seedlings. This difference was consistent for all four tree species. The height of seedlings did not vary with the treatment.

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“…Some of the differences between previous studies on older trees and the results we present here may be due to the age of the tree sampled. Differences between the community composition of seedlings and mature trees is well-documented (Fleming 1983;Dickie et al 2002) and likely driven by differences in physiological requirements (Smith and Read 1997). Although 61% (11 of 18) of the RFLP types observed here have also been observed in other studies on older pinyons (Haskins and Gehring 2004;Swaty et al 2004), seven RFLP types are new and could be important to establishing pinyon seedlings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for mutualist limitation: the impacts of conspecific density on the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of woodland soils

Haskins

Gehring

2005

Oecologia

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The ability of seedlings to establish can depend on the availability of appropriate mycorrhizal fungal inoculum. The possibility that mycorrhizal mutualists limit the distribution of seedlings may depend on the prevalence of the plant hosts that form the same type of mycorrhizal association as the target seedling species and thus provide inoculum. We tested this hypothesis by measuring ectomycorrhizal (EM) fine root distribution and conducting an EM inoculum potential bioassay along a gradient of EM host density in a pinyon-juniper woodland where pinyon is the only EM fungal host while juniper and other plant species are hosts for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We found that pinyon fine roots were significantly less abundant than juniper roots both in areas dominated aboveground by juniper and in areas where pinyon and juniper were co-dominant. Pinyon seedlings establishing in pinyon-juniper zones are thus more likely to encounter AM than EM fungi. Our bioassay confirmed this result. Pinyon seedlings were six times less likely to be colonized by EM fungi when grown in soil from juniper-dominated zones than in soil from either pinyon-juniper or pinyon zones. Levels of EM colonization were also reduced in seedlings grown in juniper-zone soil. Preliminary analyses indicate that EM community composition varied among sites. These results are important because recent droughts have caused massive mortality of mature pinyons resulting in a shift towards juniper-dominated stands. Lack of EM inoculum in these stands could reduce the ability of pinyon seedlings to re-colonize sites of high pinyon mortality, leading to long-term vegetation shifts.

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Succession of mycorrhizal fungi on birch: infection of seedlings planted around mature trees

Cited by 97 publications

References 7 publications

Living on the edge: Ecology of an incipient Betula-fungal community growing on brick walls

Living on the edge: Ecology of an incipient Betula-fungal community growing on brick walls

Importance of the ectomycorrhizal network for seedling survival and ectomycorrhiza formation in rain forests of south Cameroon

Evidence for mutualist limitation: the impacts of conspecific density on the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of woodland soils

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