Succession of generations is still the general paradigm for scyphozoan life cycles

Morandini, André C.; Schiariti, Agustín; Stampar, Sérgio N.; Maronna, Maximiliano M.; Straehler-Pohl, Ilka; Marques, Antônio Carlos

doi:10.5343/bms.2016.1018

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Life history stages within Cnidaria are strikingly plastic, making universal definitions difficult (Cartwright and Nawrocki 2010;Leclere, et al 2009;Marques and Collins 2004;Morandini AC 2016;Okamura 2015). Here we consider the medusa to be a sexually mature, solitary, free-swimming life history stage that spawns after separation or metamorphosis from a polyp.…”

Section: The Histories Of Key Cnidarian Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits

Kayal

Bentlage

Pankey

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Background: The phylogeny of Cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades, during which nearly all-possible relationships among the major lineages have been proposed. The ecological success of Cnidaria is predicated on several fascinating organismal innovations including symbiosis, colonial body plans and elaborate life histories, however, understanding the origins and subsequent diversification of these traits remains difficult due to persistent uncertainty surrounding the evolutionary relationships within Cnidaria. While recent phylogenomic studies have advanced our knowledge of the cnidarian tree of life, no analysis to date has included genome scale data for each major cnidarian lineage.

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Section: The Histories Of Key Cnidarian Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits

Kayal

Bentlage

Pankey

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…medusa develop directly from planula larvae (Yasuda, 1975), especially in less seasonal and more oceanic environments. This has sparked some debate (Morandini et al, 2016;Ceh et al, 2017), with other authors arguing that exceptions are to be expected, but that they do not invalidate the general paradigm. While especially overwintering of adult medusae is more common than previously thought, we believe that the general picture of (mostly) non-overlapping cohorts of medusae that initiate before the onset of the productive season is still valid in highly seasonal environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boom and Bust: Life History, Environmental Noise, and the (un)Predictability of Jellyfish Blooms

2018

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Jellyfish (pelagic Cnidarians and Ctenophores) form erratic and seemingly unpredictable blooms with often large, transient effects on ecosystem structure. To rapidly capitalize on favorable conditions, jellyfish can employ different life histories, which are either a life cycle with one annual sexual reproduction event and an overwintering benthic stage (metagenic life cycle), or continuous reproduction and a holoplanktonic life cycle. However, the links between life history, blooms, and environmental variability are unclear. Here, we examine how environmental variability can drive the bloom dynamics of typical jellyfish in coastal enclosed or semi-enclosed temperate ecosystems. With a simple community model, we reproduce typical seasonalities of the two strategies and trophic cascades triggered by abundant jellyfish, demonstrating how erratic blooms can be generated by irregular changes in the environment. Consistent with literature observations, we predict that metagenic jellyfish dominate early in the season, compared to holoplanktonic organisms, and are favored by increased seasonality. Our results reveal possible mechanisms driving coastal patterns of jellyfish blooms, and factors that are important for the outcome of competition between jellyfish with different life cycles. Such knowledge is important for our understanding of jellyfish blooms, which have large consequences for human activities and well-being, and may improve our ability to predict and manage local ecosystems.

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“…The life-cycle of many Cnidarians is characterized by the occurrence of structurally and functionally different polyp and medusa life forms. Medusae generations are produced by polyps, but these two life forms can occur simultaneously over the course of a year (Ceh et al 2015 ; Morandini et al 2016 ). One of the taxonomic features of Cnidarians associated with a complex life-cycle is the great diversity of the reproductive strategies these animals employ, with asexual reproduction playing an important role (Fautin 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population density shapes patterns of survival and reproduction in Eleutheria dichotoma (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata)

et al. 2018

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Budding hydromedusae have high reproductive rates due to asexual reproduction and can occur in high population densities along the coasts, specifically in tidal pools. In laboratory experiments, we investigated the effects of population density on the survival and reproductive strategies of a single clone of Eleutheria dichotoma. We found that sexual reproduction occurs with the highest rate at medium population densities. Increased sexual reproduction was associated with lower budding (asexual reproduction) and survival probability. Sexual reproduction results in the production of motile larvae that can, in contrast to medusae, seek to escape unfavorable conditions by actively looking for better environments. The successful settlement of a larva results in starting the polyp stage, which is probably more resistant to environmental conditions. This is the first study that has examined the life-history strategies of the budding hydromedusa E. dichotoma by conducting a long-term experiment with a relatively large sample size that allowed for the examination of age-specific mortality and reproductive rates. We found that most sexual and asexual reproduction occurred at the beginning of life following a very rapid process of maturation. The parametric models fitted to the mortality data showed that population density was associated with an increase in the rate of aging, an increase in the level of late-life mortality plateau, and a decrease in the hidden heterogeneity in individual mortality rates. The effects of population density on life-history traits are discussed in the context of resource allocation and the r/K-strategies’ continuum concept.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00227-018-3309-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Succession of generations is still the general paradigm for scyphozoan life cycles

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits

Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits

Boom and Bust: Life History, Environmental Noise, and the (un)Predictability of Jellyfish Blooms

Population density shapes patterns of survival and reproduction in Eleutheria dichotoma (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata)

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