2009
DOI: 10.1002/da.20603
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Abstract: Although at present the data do not warrant the utility of subtyping, further research aimed at patent gaps in the literature, including clearer operationalization of symptom subtypes, greater use of biological challenge paradigms and physiological and other more objective measures of fear and anxiety, and exploration of subtyping based on biological factors such as genetics, may support the future designation of panic attack subtypes and their ultimate clinical utility.

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Cited by 64 publications
(38 citation statements)
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References 87 publications
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“…Finally, there is debate in the field whether the paradigmatic feature of a PA is the presence of acute autonomic arousal or whether catastrophic cognitions–– such as fear of dying, of losing control, or of becoming insane—are also required. [39] This point should be noted in the text.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Finally, there is debate in the field whether the paradigmatic feature of a PA is the presence of acute autonomic arousal or whether catastrophic cognitions–– such as fear of dying, of losing control, or of becoming insane—are also required. [39] This point should be noted in the text.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…We focus our review on four of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders: depression (herein referred to as DEP), including major depression (MD)(Kessler et al, 2007) and dysthymia (Wittchen et al, 1994); anxiety (herein referred to as ANX), including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (Barlow and Wincze, 1998), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)(Kessler et al, 1995), panic disorder (PD) (Kircanski et al, 2009), separation anxiety (SAD) (Shear et al, 2006), social phobia (Ruscio et al, 2008), agoraphobia (Curtis et al, 1998), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (Grant et al, 2004), and overanxious disorder (OAD) (Manassis, 2000); conduct disorder (CD) (Petitclerc and Tremblay, 2009), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) (Grant et al, 2004); opposition defiant disorder (ODD)(Grant et al, 2004); attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Biederman, 2005); and substance use/abuse (SU/SA), including alcohol (Hasin et al, 2007), tobacco (Breslau et al, 2001) and drug abuse/dependence (Warner et al, 1995). According to the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), 28.8% of the US population suffered from an anxiety disorder sometime in their life, while 20.8% suffered from a mood disorder, 14.6% engaged in SA and 9.5% presented symptoms of CD (Kessler et al, 2005).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Panic patients with a respiratory subtype should have four of the five following respiratory symptom criteria-feeling of choking or smothering sensations, shortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort, numbness or tingling sensations, and fear of dying-during a panic attack. Thirty to 65% of panic disorder patients meet the criteria for the respiratory subtype 1,9,10. This distinct subtype is supported by the studies that panic patients with the respiratory subtype are particularly more sensitive to respiratory tests than those with the non-respiratory subtype 6,11…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…However, panic disorder shows diverse clinical presentations, prompting some researchers to insist that panic disorder is not a singular illness 1. For example, some patients mainly complain of respiratory symptoms such as hyperventilation or shortness of breath, but others mainly present palpitation or dizziness.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%