Substituição do milho pelo farelo de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) em dietas para juvenis de tilápia do Nilo cultivados em baixa temperatura

Abstract

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o farelo de algaroba como substituto do milho em dietas para juvenis de tilápia do Nilo. Foram formuladas quatro dietas experimentais isoproteicas (34% proteína bruta) e isocalóricas (3.150 kcal kg -1 energia digestível) correspondente aos níveis de substituição (0, 33, 66 e 100%) do milho pelo farelo de algaroba. Duzentos e quarenta juvenis de tilápia (1,55 ± 0,02 g) foram alojados em caixas circulares (20 peixes por caixa de 310 L), em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (n = 3). Os peixes foram alimentados até a aparente saciedade em três refeições diárias (8:30, 12:30 e 16:30 h) durante 70 dias. Devido à baixa temperatura da água (23,8 ± 1,2 °C), registrou-se baixo crescimento e eficiência alimentar dos peixes no experimento. O ganho de peso, o consumo alimentar, a eficiência alimentar, a taxa de crescimento específico e a composição química corporal dos juvenis de tilápia foram similares (P > 0,05) em todos os tratamentos. A sobrevivência aumentou linearmente (P < 0,05) com a inclusão do farelo de algaroba na ração. O farelo de algaroba pode substituir totalmente o milho na dieta de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo durante períodos de baixa temperatura da água. Palavras-chave: ingredientes alternativos, nutrição de peixes, piscicultura Replacing corn by mesquite meal (Prosopis juliflora) in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia reared in low temperature ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was evaluating mesquite meal as a substitute for corn in diets for Nile tilapia juveniles. Four isoproteic (34% crude protein) and isocaloric (3,150 kcal kg -1 digestible energy) diets were formulated corresponding to replacement levels (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of corn by mesquite meal. Two hundred and forty tilapia juveniles (1.55 ± 0.02 g) were housed in circular tanks (20 fish per tank of 310 L) in a completely randomized experimental design (n = 3). Fish were fed to apparent satiation three meal per day (8:30 a.m., 12:30 p.m. and 4:30 p.m.) for 70 days. Because low water temperature (23.8 ± 1.2 °C), was registered low growth and feed efficiency of fish at experiment. Tilapia juveniles weight gain, feed intake, specific growth rate and body composition were similar (P > 0.05) in all treatments. Survival increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing whole mesquite meal levels in diets. Mesquite meal can completely replace corn in Nile tilapia juvenile diets during periods of low water temperature.

INCLUSION OF MESQUITE POD MEAL (<i>Prosopis juliflora</i>) IN DIETS FOR NILE TILAPIA (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) JUVENILES

“…This fact can be explained by the better feed conversion ratio and the average fish feed intake. A decrease in fish growth performance, however, without any health consequences was observed in the studies of Jesus et al (2011), Sena et al (2012) and Silva et al (2015) of Nile tilapia juveniles fed with MPM of above 20% inclusion in diets. Silva et al (2015), when replacing maize with mesquite meal in juvenile tilapia diets cultivated at low temperatures (20 °C), observed that the survival rate increased linearly with the inclusion levels of mesquite meal in the diet and that the presence of antinutritional factors present in small amounts in the diet would have stimulated the immune system of the fish.…”

“…A decrease in fish growth performance, however, without any health consequences was observed in the studies of Jesus et al (2011), Sena et al (2012) and Silva et al (2015) of Nile tilapia juveniles fed with MPM of above 20% inclusion in diets. Silva et al (2015), when replacing maize with mesquite meal in juvenile tilapia diets cultivated at low temperatures (20 °C), observed that the survival rate increased linearly with the inclusion levels of mesquite meal in the diet and that the presence of antinutritional factors present in small amounts in the diet would have stimulated the immune system of the fish. The presence of phytochemicals with antioxidant (Sirmah et al, 2011) and antimicrobial (Raja et al, 2012;Thakur et al, 2014) activities has already been confirmed in leaves, wood and bark of the mesquite plant.…”

“…Whole mesquite pod meal possesses a similar chemical composition of maize (Oliveira et al, 2010), also demonstrates high protein and energy digestibility for Nile tilapia (Silva et al, 2015), may be included up to 20% in diets for Nile tilapia juveniles without compromising growth performance (Jesus et al, 2011;Sena et al, 2012). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of graded levels of mesquite pod meal inclusion on growth performance, metabolites, digestive and transamination enzymes, as well as the hematological parameters of Nile tilapia juveniles.…”

Mesquite bean ( Prosopis juliflora ) meal in diets of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ): Nutritional value, growth, physiological responses and health

“…In this study, the ADCs (%) of lysine (82.88), methionine (82.57), cystine (83.53) and threonine (82.71) were examined, as these amino acids have basic physiological functions in fish, and are, thus, considered essential (NRC, ). Silva et al () reported ADCs of lysine (88.8%), methionine (95.3%), cystine (99.6%) and threonine (86.1%), which were higher in corn than in MBM.…”

“…Silva et al () replaced corn meal (CM) with MBM (by 0%, 33%, 66% and 100%) in low temperature water (20°C) in the diet of tilapia fingerlings (1.55 g), and found no difference in their performance, when compared to a control group. Low water temperatures can result in growth below those expected in Nile tilapia (Santos, Mareco, & Silva, ), thus, in the study by Silva et al (), the effects of MBM may not have been apparent owing to the low temperature of the water.…”