Substance use by young offenders: The impact of the normalisation of drug use in the early years of the 21st century: Home Office research study 261

Hammersley, Richard; Marsland, Louise; Reid, Marie

doi:10.1037/e454962008-001

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Our survey findings confirm previous research which suggests that White youth are more likely than minority ethnic youth to report drug use (Vaughn et al, 2007). Moreover, our findings of an insignificant association between age and drug use are inconsistent with previous studies of drug use with samples of youth in outof-home placements (Guibord et al, 2011;Hammersley, Marsland, & Reid, 2003). These studies' sample ranged in age from 12 to 15 years, whereas the present sample comprised youth aged 16-23.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Foster youth and drug use: Exploring risk and protective factors

Barn

Tan

2015

Children and Youth Services Review

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Foster youth and drug use: Exploring risk and protective factors

Barn

Tan

2015

Children and Youth Services Review

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“…• Une consommation importante de psychotropes illicites augmente la probabilité de poser des gestes délinquants (Braithwaite et al, 2003 ;Hammersley et al, 2003).…”

Section: Types De Rapports Entre Psychotropes Et Criminalitéunclassified

Les psychotropes criminogènes

Amar¹

2007

crimino

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Les psychotropes altèrent le psychisme d’un individu et peuvent affecter les perceptions, l’humeur, la conscience, le comportement et diverses fonctions psychologiques et physiques. Ils se divisent en cinq catégories : les dépresseurs du système nerveux central (SNC), les stimulants du SNC, les perturbateurs du SNC, les médicaments psychothérapeutiques et les androgènes et stéroïdes anabolisants.L’abus de certains psychotropes peut conduire à la tolérance, la dépendance psychologique, la dépendance physique et la toxicomanie. Un des phénomènes liés à la toxicomanie est la criminalité. Les psychotropes criminogènes directs par excellence sont l’alcool, les amphétamines, la cocaïne et la phencyclidine (PCP). Leurs propriétés pharmacologiques et toxicologiques sont variées. La relation intoxication-criminalité est complexe et dépend de divers facteurs biopsychosociaux.Psychotropics alter the psychism of an individual and can affect perceptions, mood, thinking, behaviour and various psychological and physical functions. They are divided in five categories: central nervous system (CNS) depressants, CNS stimulants, CNS disturbers, psychotherapeutic medications and androgens and anabolic steroids.Abuse of some psychotropic substances can induce tolerance, psychological dependence, physical dependence and toxicomania. One of the phenomenons related to toxicomania is criminality. Direct criminogenic psychotropics are typically alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine and phencyclidine (PCP). Their pharmacological and toxicological properties are diverse. The intoxication-criminality relationship is complex and depends on several bio-psychosocial factors

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“…In general, substance use has been found to be higher amongst youth offenders than a comparative non-offender sample (Hammersley, Marsland, and Reid, 2003), so perhaps the above observations might lead to an expectation of an association (perhaps weak, overall) between substance use and dyslexia. As demonstrated later, speculative theoretical reasons might lead to the opposite prediction as well.…”

Section: Dyslexia and Substance Use In A University Undergraduate Popmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslexia and Substance Use in a University Undergraduate Population

Wilcockson

Pothos

Fawcett

2016

Substance Use & Misuse

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link City Research OnlinePage 1 Dyslexia and Substance Use in a University Undergraduate PopulationBackground: A number of cognitive deficits are associated with dyslexia. However, only a limited amount of research has been performed exploring a putative link between dyslexia and substance use. As substance use is thought to involve a cognitive component, it is possible that the pattern of substance use would be different for dyslexic participants, when compared to non-dyslexic controls. During the current study a guiding hypothesis was thatpeople with dyslexia would demonstrate less substance use than non-dyslexic controls.Theories of memory activation, automaticity, and attentional bias in substance use suggest that cognitive components of substance use are important in the development and maintenance of continued substance use and it is thought that, at least some of these components, would be impaired in a dyslexic population.Objectives: If the cognitive deficits displayed by dyslexics somehow impair the development of cognitive components of substance use, substance use for dyslexic participants may be less pronounced. This paper therefore examines this hypothesis by comparing substance use within dyslexic and non-dyslexic participants, from an undergraduate population. Methods:This was an exploratory questionnaire-based study. Dyslexic participants (n=35)were compared to control participants (n=62) on a series of questions designed to measure their substance use history. Results:The results provided preliminary evidence of a difference between dyslexic and non-dyslexic substance use. Dyslexics reported a substance use history that was significantly lower than non-dyslexic controls.Conclusions/Importance: These results are interpreted in terms of cognitive deficits within dyslexia and with reference to the cognitive model of substance use.

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Substance use by young offenders: The impact of the normalisation of drug use in the early years of the 21st century: Home Office research study 261

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Foster youth and drug use: Exploring risk and protective factors

Foster youth and drug use: Exploring risk and protective factors

Les psychotropes criminogènes

Dyslexia and Substance Use in a University Undergraduate Population

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