Substance Misuse Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Reslan, Summar; Saules, Karen K.; Greenwald, Mark K.; Schuh, Leslie M.

doi:10.3109/10826084.2013.841249

Cited by 75 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This is even more important as RYGB operations are increasingly performed in patients with only moderate degrees of obesity, but severe and difficult-to-control metabolic disorders, as well as in adolescents without knowing the long-term consequences in these individuals. Finally, known negative side effects of RYGB [e.g., effects on bone metabolism, increased risk for drug abuse (112)] require intensive research efforts in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology underlying Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a status report

Lutz

Bueter

2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Lutz TA, Bueter M. The physiology underlying Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a status report. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 307: R1275-R1291, 2014. First published September 24, 2014 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00185.2014.-Obesity and its related comorbidities can be detrimental for the affected individual and challenge public health systems worldwide. Currently, the only available treatment options leading to clinically significant and maintained body weight loss and reduction in obesity-related morbidity and mortality are based on surgical interventions. This review will focus on two main clinical effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), namely body weight loss and change in eating behavior. Animal experiments designed to understand the underlying physiological mechanisms of these post-gastric bypass effects will be discussed. Where appropriate, reference will also be made to vertical sleeve gastrectomy. While caloric malabsorption and mechanical restriction seem not to be major factors in this respect, alterations in gut hormone levels are invariably found after RYGB. However, their causal role in RYGB effects on eating and body weight has recently been challenged. Other potential factors contributing to the RYGB effects include increased bile acid concentrations and an altered composition of gut microbiota. RYGB is further associated with remarkable changes in preference for different dietary components, such as a decrease in the preference for high fat or sugar. It needs to be noted, however, that in many cases, the question about the necessity of these alterations for the success of bariatric surgery procedures remains unanswered.Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; vertical sleeve gastrectomy; gut hormones; restriction; malabsorption; energy expenditure THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC AND ITS related comorbidities constitute a major challenge for both personal health and public health systems worldwide. The enormous increase in knowledge about the physiological mechanisms that control eating and body weight contrasts with the lack of available pharmacological therapies leading to safe, efficient, and long-lasting body weight reductions and amelioration of obesity-related comorbidities. However, recent insights into underlying mechanisms of obesity and bariatric surgery have led to promising perspectives in respect to gut hormone-based strategies against obesity. Nevertheless, best results for maintained weight reduction and improvement of comorbidities are still achieved by surgical means (22,88,121,135,136). This review aims to summarize key findings in respect to underlying physiological mechanisms of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) procedure, which is the most commonly performed bariatric operation worldwide and thus, by many is considered as the gold standard in bariatric surgery. Sporadic reference will also be made to vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) when appropriate. Both operations reduce eating at least temporarily (19,140,143) and lead to changes in food preferences (20,27,72). The majority of data collected with...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology underlying Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a status report

Lutz

Bueter

2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…It may be speculated whether food addiction substitutes or acts as a replacement for tobacco addiction or vice versa. Similarly, gastric bypass patients who had a higher YFAS symptom count before bariatric surgery (based on retrospective reports) were more likely to have post-bariatric substance misuse, suggesting a possible 'addiction transfer' [55]. A recent study reported a trend towards less alcohol use and associated problems in obese individuals with food addiction than in those without food addiction.…”

Section: Relationships With Other Constructs Not or Indirectly Relatementioning

confidence: 99%

Five years of the Yale Food Addiction Scale: Taking stock and moving forward

2014

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Some forms of overeating show both behavioral and neurobiological similarities to substance use disorders. Accordingly, a possible addiction to food has been discussed for decades, and the debate has received increased scientific and public attention since the beginning of the twenty-first century. In 2009, the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was developed in an attempt to provide a standardized self-report instrument for the assessment of food addiction based on the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence. Since then, the YFAS has been used in numerous studies and celebrates its fifth anniversary this year. This article presents an overview of the YFAS and its adaptations, which includes a detailed description of scoring instructions and a supplementary SPSS syntax. Furthermore, psychometric properties and correlates of the YFAS, as well as prevalence rates of food addiction diagnoses and symptoms in different populations, are reviewed. Finally, shortcomings of the scale and future directions for food addiction research and revisions of the YFAS are discussed.

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“…Men progressed to alcohol dependency faster than women. In another study of 141 gastric bypass surgery patients at least 2 years post-surgery, 14 % fulfilled criteria for substance misuse disorder (tobacco, sedative, alcohol, cannabis and cocaine in descending relative frequency of use) [ 55 ]. Substance misuse was associated with poor weight loss and a family history of substance misuse as well as pre-operative food addiction, maladaptive eating behaviour, and heightened responsiveness to environmental food cues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%