Subsídios para a análise da festa: o carnaval visto pelas Ciências Sociais

Abstract

As festas nem sempre são objetos de estudo levados a sério, mas atraem há muito a atenção de cientistas sociais e outros investigadores. No entanto, a sua análise tende a restringir-se e fechar-se nalgumas conceções clássicas que, sendo relevantes e úteis, tornaram-se meros chavões e não fazem jus à riqueza e complexidade deste campo de estudo. Este artigo pretende fornecer alguns subsídios para a análise da festa, focando-se particularmente no carnaval e no modo como este tem sido tratado pelas Ciências Sociais. Começa por expor e discutir algumas recorrências teóricas – designadamente as teorias da inversão, da válvula de escape, da resistência e da communitas – para depois apresentar outras perspetivas de análise que olham para diferentes facetas da festa – cultural, social, económica e política – sugerindo assim abordagens mais aprofundadas e comprometidas com a realidade social e menos reféns da abstração e secura dos modelos teóricos.

Turismo e Cultura: O Carnaval na Cidade de Maceió (Brasil)

“…Following what was systematized by Lorena (2019) which suggests that more important than the performances associated with the festival are tensions underlying it, these appeared, in the case under study, at the articulation of the historically built relations between culture and tourism in the city. To recreate such processes, bibliographic and documentary sources and interviews with people who played an active role, in the decade of 2010, in the cultural and tourism fields in the city of Maceió were compiled.…”

“…To discuss the Carnival in the city of Maceió, this article resumes questions proposed by Lorena (2019), for whom the momesque festivity has been used to analyse themes associated with national identity and other aspects of social life, including social class, race, gender and even tourism, themes that tend to emerge, moreover, intersected (p. 63). The author reviews the studies on Carnival and sets them up in broad lines of theoretical support.…”

“…Regardless of parti pris, Lorena (2019) highlights the importance of the intersections imposed on Carnival. It prioritizes in this article the triangulation of city, culture, and tourism, to consider the Brazilian case, in the city of Maceió.…”

“…The dynamism of the event gives its study a heuristic reach in the analysis of political and cultural dynamics. (Lorena, 2019, p. 56) As Lorena (2019) highlighted, it is a multifaceted phenomenon, to which study different areas of social sciences contribute, among which, culture and tourism, diversifying and enriching approaches (Cavalcanti, 2013).…”