Submerged notches in Istria and the Gulf of Trieste: Results from the Geoswim project

Furlani, Stefano; Ninfo, Andrea; Zavagno, Enrico; Paganini, Paolo; Zini, Luca; Biolchi, Sara; Antonioli, Fabrizio; Coren, F.; Cucchi, Franco

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.01.018

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The accuracy of observations increases with increasing calm sea and good weather conditions, so the method can be very useful in close sea basins, such as the Mediterranean, rather than in ocean basins, where tides are wider and waves are higher. The snorkel surveys carried out in the frame of the Geoswim project adopted the protocol suggested by FURLANI et al, (2014bFURLANI et al, ( , 2017a. The surveys are carried out using snorkel observations at ~1 m from the shoreline, following the favourable wind driven currents.…”

Section: Swim and Snorkel Surveys In The Mediterranean Basin: The Geomentioning

confidence: 99%

The rocky coasts of the Mediterranean Sea: field studies

Furlani¹

2017

Edition 4, Split, Croatie

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Abstract:Rock coasts cover more than half of the Mediterranean Sea coasts. FURLANI et al. (2014a) provided an extensive review of these kinds of coasts that are affected by vertical tectonic movements and changes in relative sea level and are generally characterized by mid-to low-storm wave energy. The Quaternary evolution of Mediterranean coasts have been widely studied, starting from different sea level markers, while increasing researches are addressing the processes related to the origin and evolution of rocky coasts. Despite most of the Mediterranean coast being rocky, studies about rocky shore processes are almost completely lacking, except for limited sectors. Data on sea cliff retreats have been collected to study the susceptibility of cliff failures or to prevent landslides, in particular along touristic shores. Moreover, data on erosion rates and processes on shore platforms are generally very scarce and usually regard limestone bedrocks. Due to its geologically varied coastline and low-energy coastal regime, the Mediterranean basin represents an essential field laboratory for swim and snorkel surveys. The low-energy environment that characterizes the Mediterranean basin allowed researchers to carry out snorkel surveys along several sectors of rock coasts. Within the frame of the Geoswim project, more than 500 km were surveyed from 2012, in particular the Central Mediterranean Sea. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the results of geomorphological studies about rocky coasts in the Mediterranean area after FURLANI et al. (2014a), following in particular the results of the Geoswim project.

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Section: Swim and Snorkel Surveys In The Mediterranean Basin: The Geomentioning

confidence: 99%

The rocky coasts of the Mediterranean Sea: field studies

Furlani¹

2017

Edition 4, Split, Croatie

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“…An example of geomorphological features influenced by sea-level fluctuation are tidal notches, which have been extensively studied in the Adriatic (e.g. Benac and Juračić 1998;Faivre et al 2011Faivre et al , 2013Furlani et al 2011Furlani et al , 2014Stiros and Moschas 2012;Benac et al 2013). At smaller spatiotemporal scales, there are observations of beach and cliff erosion due to interactions between natural factors, such as waves, wind, storm surges, and strong rainfall events causing torrential flows, and manmade changes.…”

Section: Physical Setting and Earlier Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal cliff geometry derived from structure-from-motion photogrammetry at Stara Baška, Krk Island, Croatia

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to examine the capability of structure-from-motion photogrammetry in defining the geometry of cliffs and undercuts in rocks of complex geomorphology. A case site was chosen along pocket beaches near the village of Stara Baška on the Adriatic Sea island of Krk, Gulf of Kvarner, Croatia, where cliff erosion of 5 m in breccias was identified by comparison of aerial photographs from 1960 and 2004. The 3D point cloud was derived from approx. 800 photos taken on 9 January 2014 by a single camera from various elevations and angles, and processed using the online software ReCap (Autodesk). Data acquisition was found to be quick and the method easy to implement. The difference between the georeferenced 3D cloud points and an RTK-GPS survey was 7 cm, i.e. within the limits of RTK-GPS precision. Quantifying the spatial variation in undercut geometries revealed that the deepest and largest (17 m 3 ) undercut was in the south-eastern sector of the beach. Reconstructing the detailed geomorphology of this 3.8-m-deep undercut convincingly demonstrates the high efficiency of the method. Such assessments of spatiotemporal changes in undercut and overhang volumes can prove useful for evaluations of cliff erosion risk. Coupled with the low cost and relatively simple application, this is evidently an attractive technique for meaningful geotechnical and coastal engineering monitoring in the future on the island of Krk and, for that matter, also on other Adriatic islands and in similar settings worldwide.

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“…Focke, 1978;Pirazzoli, 1986), but some literature also supported the contribution of groundwater effects as the primary agent (Higgins, 1980) in view of the proximity of notches to submarine springs and suggested a one to one ratio between notches and submarine springs in Greece. Furlani et al (2014aFurlani et al ( , 2014b obtained the same results in the northeastern Adriatic Sea. Wave abrasion plays little or no contribution in notch cutting, both because of the usual lack of tools for abrasion close to the notch and because tidal and roof notches in the Mediterranean are absent in rocks other than limestones (Higgins, 1980), unlike other sites outside the Mediterranean (Trenhaile, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…3). Higgins (1980) and Furlani et al (2014aFurlani et al ( , 2014b suggested a good correlation between the occurrence of submarine springs and marine notches respectively in the Aegean Sea and NE Adriatic Sea. Available data show no close relations between the submarine freshwater and tidal or roof notches can be Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The Mediterranean Sea is bordered by more than 60% of rocky coasts, but very short sectors were extensively surveyed in the field (Furlani et al, 2014a), mainly because of the challenging accessibility present on the typology of these coasts. Anyway, some carbonate coastal sectors are fundamental for the development of marine notches, such as the Maltese Islands (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine notches in the Maltese islands (central Mediterranean Sea)

Furlani

Antonioli

Gambin

et al. 2017

Quaternary International

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a b s t r a c tWe present the first detailed survey of tidal notches in the central Mediterranean area, in particular along the coastline of Gozo and Comino (Malta). The Maltese Islands represent one of the few sites in the Sicily Channel which exhibits coastal carbonate rocks. Marine notches on the islands of Gozo and Comino were surveyed by means of a seven day continuous snorkeling survey around the entire perimeter of the two islands. We surveyed the occurrence, lack and typology of marine notches and we correlated them with late Holocene sea level changes. Sea temperature (T) and electrical conductivity (EC) were collected along the route in order to locate the submarine springs and to relate them to the surveyed notches.A well-carved continuous roof notch was discovered along most of the plunging cliffs. It is well-carved out, in particular along the northern and western coast of Gozo. It develops from about 0.2 m above the mean sea level down and it can be up to 1.5e2 m deep. On the contrary, tidal notches are localised only in 8 sites. In 2 sites, Vermetid trottoirs develop at low tide level. In addition, at about À7 m to À10 m m.s.l., a 2e5 m wide marine terrace develops along extensive tracts of plunging cliffs, always in correspondence with the roof notches. This submerged terrace seem to be the result of the late Holocene slowdown of the sea level rise, which started to smooth the terrace and to carve out the submerged part of the roof notch, thanks to the exposed location of the islands and the favourable lithology.Through the collection of hydrological data, the presence of 21 submarine springs were detected. They occur mainly in the south-western coast of Gozo and on eastern coast of Comino. Anyway, marine notches seem not to be related to the freshwater outflow, such as those in the Adriatic Sea, because the studied islands are very exposed. As a consequence, along the Maltese islands bioerosion seems to be the most effective process in notch development.

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Submerged notches in Istria and the Gulf of Trieste: Results from the Geoswim project

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

The rocky coasts of the Mediterranean Sea: field studies

The rocky coasts of the Mediterranean Sea: field studies

Coastal cliff geometry derived from structure-from-motion photogrammetry at Stara Baška, Krk Island, Croatia

Marine notches in the Maltese islands (central Mediterranean Sea)

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