Submarine venting of liquid carbon dioxide on a Mariana Arc volcano

Lupton, J. E.; Butterfield, D. A.; Lilley, Marvin D.; Evans, L. J.; Nakamura, Kōichi; Chadwick, William W.; Resing, J. A.; Embley, R. W.; Olson, E. J.; Proskurowski, G.; Baker, Edward T.; Ronde, Cornel de; Roe, Kevin K.; Greene, R. R.; Lebon, G.; Young, Conrad

doi:10.1029/2005gc001152

Cited by 159 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The highest CO 2 concentrations, found in the lower Cl fluids at Snowcap and Satanic Mills (Fig. 5.5b, Table 5.2), are among the highest reported to date for vent fluids (Karl et al, 1988;Butterfield et al, 1990;Sakai et al, 1990a,b;Von Damm, 1995;German and Von Damm, 2003;Lupton et al, 2006) and are comparable to those observed in black smoker fluids at the back-arc JADE site, Okinawa Trough (Sakai et al, 1990b). In addition to the higher concentrations relative to Vienna Woods, CO 2 is more 13 C-enriched at PACMANUS, with endmember δ 13 C CO2 values varying from -4.1‰ to -2.3‰ (Table 5.2).…”

Section: H 2 H 2 S Ch 4 Co and Comentioning

confidence: 74%

“…In stark contrast to the Precambrian shield gases, abiogenic C 1 to C 3 n-alkanes in vent fluids at Lost City are much more 2 H-enriched (δ 2 H of -119 to -171‰, and at odds with the extremely negative δH values of H 2(aq) there (-600 to -700‰, PROSKUROWSKI et al, 2006) by the above reasoning. While these differences could reflect higher temperatures of abiogenesis or mechanistic effects, a likely explanation is that partial or near-complete alkane-water exchange has erased any highly 2 H-depleted signatures.…”

Section: H / 1 H Ratios and Abiogenesis In Igneous Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Furthermore, higher temperature isotopic equilibrium between the pairs CH 4 -H 2 and H 2 O-H 2 , as proposed by PROSKUROWSKI et al (2006), inherently implies CH 4 -H 2 O equilibrium.…”

Section: H / 1 H Ratios and Abiogenesis In Igneous Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…higher Ba/Nb and Cl/Nb ratios in dredged lavas) indicate greater subduction-related inputs to magmas in the EMVZ (and Pual Ridge) relative to the MSC (Kamenetsky et al, 2001;Sinton et al, 2003;Sun et al, 2004;Pearce and Stern, 2006;Park et al, in press) and inputs of slab-derived carbon have been suggested (Shaw et al, 2004). Trends of increasing δ 13 C CO2 with arc proximity have been observed in other back-arc vent fluids, such as the Lau Basin (Proskurowski et al, 2006) and the Okinawa Trough/Mariana Arc (cf. Sakai et al (1990b) and Lupton et al (2006)).…”

Section: Magmatic Co 2 F and CLmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The abiogenic formation of aliphatic hydrocarbons during hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic crust has been extensively discussed SHERWOOD et al, 1988;PROSKUROWSKI et al, 2006;KONN et al, 2009). Though the exact mechanism for production of n-alkanes in highly-reducing crustal fluids is uncertain, it is assumed to be analogous to the industrial Fischer-Tropsch reaction and involves both reduction of inorganic carbon (CO 2 or CO) to methyl/methylene moieties and subsequent polymerization on a catalytic mineral surface (see review in .…”

Section: H / 1 H Ratios and Abiogenesis In Igneous Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory and field-based investigations of subsurface geochemical processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Reeves¹

2010

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This thesis presents the results of four discrete investigations into processes governing the organic and inorganic chemical composition of seafloor hydrothermal fluids in a variety of geologic settings. Though Chapters 2 through 5 of this thesis are disparate in focus, each represents a novel investigation aimed at furthering our understanding of subsurface geochemical processes affecting hydrothermal fluid compositions. Chapters 2 and 3 concern the abiotic (nonbiological) formation of organic compounds in high temperature vent fluids, a process which has direct implications for the emergence of life in early Earth settings and sustainment of present day microbial populations in hydrothermal environments. Chapter 2 represents an experimental investigation of methane (CH 4 ) formation under hydrothermal conditions. The overall reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to CH 4 , previously assumed to be kinetically inhibited in the absence of mineral catalysts, is shown to proceed on timescales pertinent to crustal residence times of hydrothermal fluids. In Chapter 3, the abundance of methanethiol (CH 3 SH), considered to be a crucial precursor for the emergence of primitive chemoautotrophic life, is characterized in vent fluids from ultramafic-, basalt-and sediment-hosted hydrothermal systems. Previous assumptions that CH 3 SH forms by reduction of CO 2 are not supported by the observed distribution in natural systems. Chapter 4 investigates factors regulating the hydrogen isotope composition of hydrocarbons under hydrothermal conditions. Isotopic exchange between low molecular weight n-alkanes and water is shown to be facilitated by metastable equilibrium reactions between alkanes and their corresponding alkenes, which are feasible in natural systems. In Chapter 5, the controls on vent fluid composition in a backarc hydrothermal system are investigated. A comprehensive survey of the inorganic geochemistry of fluids from sites of hydrothermal activity in the eastern Manus Basin indicates that fluids there are influenced by input of acidic magmatic solutions at depth, and subsequently modified by variable extents of seawater entrainment and mixing-related secondary acidity production. CHAPTER 1 IntroductionSeafloor hydrothermal systems associated with the generation of oceanic crust represent a dramatic expression of heat and mass transfer from the interior of the Earth. In addition to profound effects on ocean chemistry, convective circulation of seawater through volcanically active oceanic crust leads to the formation of metal sulfide deposits. In addition, seafloor hot springs are often invoked as ideal settings from which early microbial life could have emerged.Since the initial discovery of low temperature venting at the Galápagos Spreading Center in 1977 (CORLISS et al., 1979), our understanding of the composition and diversity of hydrothermal solutions has expanded greatly. During convection through oceanic crust of basaltic composition, O 2 -replete seawater reacts with crustal rock, typically producin...

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Section: H 2 H 2 S Ch 4 Co and Comentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: H / 1 H Ratios and Abiogenesis In Igneous Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Furthermore, higher temperature isotopic equilibrium between the pairs CH 4 -H 2 and H 2 O-H 2 , as proposed by PROSKUROWSKI et al (2006), inherently implies CH 4 -H 2 O equilibrium.…”

Section: H / 1 H Ratios and Abiogenesis In Igneous Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Magmatic Co 2 F and CLmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: H / 1 H Ratios and Abiogenesis In Igneous Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory and field-based investigations of subsurface geochemical processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Reeves¹

2010

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Understanding a submarine eruption through time series hydrothermal plume sampling of dissolved and particulate constituents: West Mata, 2008–2012

Baumberger

Lilley

Resing

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Four cruises between 2008 and 2012 monitored the continuing eruption of West Mata volcano in the NE Lau Basin as it produced plumes of chemically altered water above its summit. Although large enrichments in 3 He, CO 2 , Fe, and Mn were observed in the plumes, the most notable enrichment was that of H 2 , which reached concentrations as high as 14,843 nM. Strongly enriched H 2 concentrations in the water column result from reactions between seawater or magmatic water and extremely hot rocks. In 2008, the observation of elevated H 2 concentrations in the water column above West Mata pointed to vigorous ongoing eruptions at the volcano's summit. The eruption was confirmed by visual observations made by the ROV Jason 2 in 2009 and demonstrated that H 2 measurements are a vital instrument to detect ongoing volcanic eruptions at the seafloor. Elevated H 2 in 2010 showed that the eruption was ongoing, although at a reduced level given a maximum H 2 concentration of 4410 nM. In 2012, H 2 levels in the water column declined significantly, to a maximum of only 7 nM, consistent with visual observations from the Quest-4000 ROV that found no evidence of an ongoing volcanic eruption. Methane behaved independently of other measured gases and its concentrations in the hydrothermal plume were very low. We attribute its minimal enrichments to a mixture of mantle carbon reduced to CH 4 and biological CH 4 from diffuse flow sites. This study demonstrates that ongoing submarine volcanic eruptions are characterized by high dissolved H 2 concentrations present in the overlying water column.

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Helium isotope, C/³He, and Ba‐Nb‐Ti signatures in the northern Lau Basin: Distinguishing arc, back‐arc, and hotspot affinities

Lupton

Rubin

Arculus

et al. 2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The northern Lau Basin hosts a complicated pattern of volcanism, including Tofua Arc volcanoes, several back-arc spreading centers, and individual ''rear-arc'' volcanoes not associated with these structures. Elevated 3 He/ 4 He ratios in lavas of the NW Lau Spreading Center suggest the influence of a mantle plume, possibly from Samoa. We show that lavas from mid-ocean ridges, volcanic arcs, and hotspots occupy distinct, nonoverlapping fields in a 3 He/ 4 He versus C/ 3 He plot. Applied to the northern Lau Basin, this approach shows that most of Lau back-arc spreading systems have mid-ocean ridge 3 He/ 4 He-C/ 3 He characteristics, except the NW Lau spreading center, which has 3 He/ 4 He-C/ 3 He similar to ''high 3 He'' hotspots such as Loihi, Kilauea, and Yellowstone, but with slightly lower C/ 3 He. Niua seamount, on the northern extension of the Tofua Arc, falls squarely in the arc field. All the NE Lau rear-arc volcanoes, including the recently erupting West Mata, also have arc-like 3 He/ 4 He-C/ 3 He characteristics. Ba-Nb-Ti contents of the lavas, which are more traditional trace element indicators of mantle source enrichment, depletion, and subduction input, likewise indicate arc and hot spot influences in the lavas of the northern Lau Basin, but in a more ambiguous fashion because of a complex prior history. This verifies that 3 He/ 4 He-C/ 3 He systematics are useful for differentiating between mid-ocean ridge, arc, and hotspot affinities in submarine volcanic systems, that all three of these affinities are expressed in the northern Lau Basin, and provides additional support for the Samoan plume influence in the region.

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Submarine venting of liquid carbon dioxide on a Mariana Arc volcano

Cited by 159 publications

References 41 publications

Laboratory and field-based investigations of subsurface geochemical processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Laboratory and field-based investigations of subsurface geochemical processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Understanding a submarine eruption through time series hydrothermal plume sampling of dissolved and particulate constituents: West Mata, 2008–2012

Helium isotope, C/³He, and Ba‐Nb‐Ti signatures in the northern Lau Basin: Distinguishing arc, back‐arc, and hotspot affinities

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Submarine venting of liquid carbon dioxide on a Mariana Arc volcano

Cited by 159 publications

References 41 publications

Laboratory and field-based investigations of subsurface geochemical processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Laboratory and field-based investigations of subsurface geochemical processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Understanding a submarine eruption through time series hydrothermal plume sampling of dissolved and particulate constituents: West Mata, 2008–2012

Helium isotope, C/3He, and Ba‐Nb‐Ti signatures in the northern Lau Basin: Distinguishing arc, back‐arc, and hotspot affinities

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Helium isotope, C/³He, and Ba‐Nb‐Ti signatures in the northern Lau Basin: Distinguishing arc, back‐arc, and hotspot affinities