Subjective and Objective Hierarchies and Their Relations to Psychological Well-Being

Curhan, Katherine B.; Levine, Cynthia S.; Markus, Hazel Rose; Kitayama, Shinobu; Park, Jiyoung; Karasawa, Mayumi; Kawakami, Norito; Love, Gayle D.; Coe, Christopher L.; Miyamoto, Yuri; Ryff, Carol D.

doi:10.1177/1948550614538461

Cited by 91 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Educational attainment or highest educational qualification (HEQ) is the most frequently used index of socioeconomic status and is a strong indicator of SES (Backlund, Sorlie, & Johnson, 1999;Curhan et al, 2014;Kraus, Rheinschmidt, & Piff, 2012;Lareau & Conley, 2008). Among the traditional indicators of SES-income, occupation, and education-HEQ also shows the strongest relationship with a range of outcomes, including lifestyle variables, beliefs, and functioning (Attewell & Newman, 2010;Reardon, 2011;Trautmann et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Current Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Education Effect: Higher Educational Qualifications are Robustly Associated with Beneficial Personal and Socio-political Outcomes

2015

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The education effect: higher educational qualifications are robustly associated with beneficial personal and socio-political outcomes Article (Accepted Version) http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Easterbrook, Matthew J, Kuppens, Toon and Manstead, Antony S R (2016) The education effect: higher educational qualifications are robustly associated with beneficial personal and sociopolitical outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 126 (3). pp. 1261 -1298 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/54022/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Social Indicators ResearchThe education effect: Higher educational qualifications are robustly associated with personal and socio-political outcomes Level of education is a predictor of a range of important outcomes, such as political interest and cynicism, social trust, health, well-being, and intergroup attitudes. We address a gap in the literature by analyzing the strength and stability of the education effect associated with this diverse range of outcomes across three surveys covering the period 1986-2011, including novel latent growth analyses of the stability of the education effect within the same individuals over time. Our analyses of the British Social Attitudes Survey, British Household Panel Survey, and International Social Survey Programme indicated that the education effect was robust across these outcomes and relatively stable over time, with higher education levels being associated with higher trust and political interest, better health and well-being, and with less political cynicism and less negative intergroup attitudes. The education effect was strongest when associated with political outcomes and attitudes towards immigrants, whereas it was weakest when associated with health and well-being. Most of the education effect appears to be due to the beneficial consequences of having a university education. Our results demonstrate that this beneficial education effect is also manifested in withi...

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Section: The Current Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Education Effect: Higher Educational Qualifications are Robustly Associated with Beneficial Personal and Socio-political Outcomes

2015

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“…Utilizing Ryff's approach, the results showed that certain subjective aspects, which predicted purpose in life and self-acceptance, had higher associations in the U.S. while other objective aspects, which predicted positive relations with others and self-acceptance, were more strongly related in Japan. Overall, the results suggested that the relationship between social hierarchy and individual well-being differed with cultural context [7]. What the results also suggest, however, is that cultural perceptions may have affected the way subjects responded to the questionnaire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Objective status was defined as social status that is recognized by society (occupation, level of education, etc. ), whereas subjective status was based around the individual's "own view of where they stand in the social hierarchy" [7]. Utilizing Ryff's approach, the results showed that certain subjective aspects, which predicted purpose in life and self-acceptance, had higher associations in the U.S. while other objective aspects, which predicted positive relations with others and self-acceptance, were more strongly related in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, recently Curham et al [7] did a comparative study examining the relationships between well-being and subjective and objective social hierarchies associated with social status and their effect on health outcomes in Japan and the United States. Objective status was defined as social status that is recognized by society (occupation, level of education, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating a Non-verbal Assessment Tool in Nursing Students and Staff at the University of Botswana

Bongermino-Rose

James²,

Gueldner³

et al. 2016

Anthropol

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Evaluating well-being in non-Western populations has been hampered by the fact that most psychometric instruments are not culturally sensitive. One possible way to remove cultural biases is by eliminating the verbal content from the assessment. The Well-Being Picture Scale (WPS) is a ten item conceptual assessment that has been used to evaluate well-being in a variety of populations. The purpose of this study was to examine its utility in a sample of nursing students and staff from the University of Botswana in Gaborone, Botswana. The WPS and a traditional English language based depression scale, the Zung Self-rated Depression Scale (SDS) were distributed to students and staff at the school of nursing; 71 (31 male, 40 female (mean age= 28.2 years) returned the questionnaires. Reliability of the scales was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Validity of the WPS was evaluated by examining its sensitivity and specificity using the SDS as a referent, with previously published cut-points denoting either well-being or depression from the scales. The results show that the WPS has good reliability (α=0.863) and that when compared to the SDS depression scale, has excellent specificity in identifying positive well-being, but poor sensitivity in detecting depression. The poor sensitivity could be the result of the WPS being a state indicator, while the SDS is a trait measure, or that sociocultural and linguistic factors are affecting the scale comparisons. Nonetheless, the results suggest that the WPS may be useful as way to measure an emotional state of well-being that is independent of cultural context.

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“…In other work using nationally representative samples, subjective social class was found to predict the well-being of American participants more strongly than Japanese participants, while the opposite was found with objective social class (Curhan et al, 2014). In accounting for these independent influences, it has been argued that subjective social class is a broader conceptualization of social class, which includes objective assessments, as well as more qualitative and psychological perceptions of relative deprivation and financial security (Singh-Manoux et al, 2005;Tan, Kraus, & Adler, in prep).…”

Section: Social Class Warmth and Candidate Supportmentioning

confidence: 75%

Judgments of interpersonal warmth predict class-based voting preferences

Tan¹,

Kraus²

2017

Preprint

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The present research examines how warmth communications shape class-based patterns of political candidate support. Drawing on theory and evidence that lower-class individuals are more attuned to others, we predicted that, relative to upper-class individuals, they will modulate their trust and support in response to communications of warmth generated by and about political figures. In Experiment 1, lower-class compared to upper-class participants reported less trust and support for a political candidate who communicated his warmth in a campaign video, while no class differences emerged when he communicated competence or hostility to an opponent instead. In Experiment 2, lower-class compared to upper-class participants reported greater trust and support for a political figure whose warmth was communicated by a lower-class member, but no class difference emerged when the same communication was by an upper-class member. Implications for eliciting trust through warmth communication in cross-class interactions are discussed.

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Subjective and Objective Hierarchies and Their Relations to Psychological Well-Being

Cited by 91 publications

References 59 publications

The Education Effect: Higher Educational Qualifications are Robustly Associated with Beneficial Personal and Socio-political Outcomes

The Education Effect: Higher Educational Qualifications are Robustly Associated with Beneficial Personal and Socio-political Outcomes

Evaluating a Non-verbal Assessment Tool in Nursing Students and Staff at the University of Botswana

Judgments of interpersonal warmth predict class-based voting preferences

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