Subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow varies between superior and inferior levels of the anterior abdominal wall

Ardilouze, JL; Karpe, Fredrik; Currie, J. M.; Frayn, Keith N.; Fielding, BA

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802541

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This substance determines the absolute level of ATBF, but a major proportion of the postprandial enhancement of ATBF is under ␤-adrenergic control (37). This means that NO has a permissive effect for other blood flow regulatory systems to exercise their effects, similar to what has been observed in pancreatic islets (38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Marked Increase in White Adipose Tissue Blood Perfusion in the Type 2 Diabetic GK Rat

Kampf¹,

Bodin²,

Källskog³

et al. 2005

Diabetes

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate and correlate islet to brown and white adipose tissue (WAT) blood perfusion in one obese rat and one nonobese rat with type 2 diabetes (obese Zucker [OZ] and GK rats, respectively). We measured blood perfusion with a microsphere technique in anesthetized animals and subsequently estimated the blood flow to seven different WAT depots and brown adipose tissue, in addition to the whole pancreas and pancreatic islets. Both GK and OZ rats had higher islet blood perfusion than their respective control strains. Adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) was similar to or lower than that of controls in the normoglycemic OZ rats. GK rats, however, had 5-10 times higher blood perfusion than control Wistar rats in most WAT depots. Vascular density and macrophage numbers in WAT did not differ between the different strains. The discrepancy in ATBF between the obesenormoglycemic and type 2 diabetic rats opens the intriguing possibility that changes in this blood perfusion may influence and/or modulate the ␤-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 54

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Marked Increase in White Adipose Tissue Blood Perfusion in the Type 2 Diabetic GK Rat

Kampf¹,

Bodin²,

Källskog³

et al. 2005

Diabetes

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“…We and others have demonstrated previously that glucose ingestion increases ATBF in lean but not obese insulin resistant individuals. 17,18,22 Fasting ATBF was significantly higher in lean compared with obese subjects (2.5Ϯ0.5 versus 1.4Ϯ0.2 mL ⅐ 100 g tissue Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 , respectively; Pϭ0.029). As anticipated, ATBF was markedly increased after ingestion of the glucose drink in lean subjects (baseline: 2.5Ϯ0.5 versus postprandial: 4.6Ϯ1.1 mL ⅐ 100 g tissue Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 ; Pϭ0.027), but the postprandial increase in ATBF was completely blunted in obese subjects (baseline: 1.4Ϯ0.2 versus postprandial: 1.7Ϯ0.1 mL ⅐ 100 g tissue Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 ; Pϭ0.146) (Figure 2A).…”

Section: In Obese Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,26 The reason for this is that we and others have shown that ATBF is greater at the upper compared with the lower level of the abdomen, but is not different between the right and left sides at either level. 17,18 Postprandial measurements were not available for 2 lean subjects because of technical problems.…”

Section: Physiological Manipulation Of Adipose Tissue Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 It could be anticipated that impairments in both the structural and functional properties of the AT vasculature may result in lower oxygen supply due to decreased adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF). In fact, we and others have demonstrated previously that both fasting ATBF and the postprandial increase in ATBF 17,18 are decreased in obese, insulin resistant, and type 2 diabetic subjects. 19 -22 Intriguingly, a decreased ATBF response to nutrient intake is closely associated with insulin resistance, 21,22 suggesting that ATBF is of great importance in the regulation of metabolism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Adipose Tissue Oxygen Tension in Obese Compared With Lean Men Is Accompanied by Insulin Resistance, Impaired Adipose Tissue Capillarization, and Inflammation

Goossens¹,

Bizzarri²,

Venteclef³

et al. 2011

Circulation

266

269

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Background-Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction in obesity contributes to chronic, low-grade inflammation that predisposes to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Recent in vitro studies suggest that AT hypoxia may induce inflammation. We hypothesized that adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) regulates AT oxygen partial pressure (AT PO 2 ), thereby affecting AT inflammation and insulin sensitivity. Methods and Results-We developed an optochemical measurement system for continuous monitoring of AT PO 2 using microdialysis. The effect of alterations in ATBF on AT PO 2 was investigated in lean and obese subjects with both pharmacological and physiological approaches to manipulate ATBF. Local administration of angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor) in abdominal subcutaneous AT decreased ATBF and AT PO 2 , whereas infusion of isoprenaline (vasodilator) evoked opposite effects. Ingestion of a glucose drink increased ATBF and AT PO 2 in lean subjects, but these responses were blunted in obese individuals. However, AT PO 2 was higher (hyperoxia) in obese subjects despite lower ATBF, which appears to be explained by lower AT oxygen consumption. This was accompanied by insulin resistance, lower AT capillarization, lower AT expression of genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and higher AT gene expression of macrophage infiltration and inflammatory markers. Conclusions-Our findings establish ATBF as an important regulator of AT PO 2 . Nevertheless, obese individuals exhibit AT hyperoxia despite lower ATBF, which seems to be explained by lower AT oxygen consumption. This is accompanied by insulin resistance, impaired AT capillarization, and higher AT gene expression of inflammatory cell markers. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.trialregister.nl. Unique identifier: NTR2451. (Circulation. 2011;124:67-76.)

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“…[5][6][7][8] Blood perfusion in adipose tissue is more heterogeneous and differs from the corresponding cutaneous regions of the human body. 9,10 The deep and superficial fat layers are supplied more richly with vessels with a large diameter, whereas the intermediate fat layer is supplied with terminal branches of these vessels. 11 In current clinical practice, the inferior, rather than the superior, epigastric pedicle is crucial when lower abdominal tissue is transposed for purposes of autologous breast reconstruction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfusion in free breast reconstruction flap zones assessed with positron emission tomography

et al. 2010

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The aim of this pilot study was to determine the postoperative blood perfusion (BF(PET)) and perfusion heterogeneity (BF(PET) HG) in free microvascular breast reconstruction flap zones with positron emission tomography (PET). Regional BF(PET) and BF(PET) HG of the adipose tissue in medial, central, and lateral parts of 13 free flaps were assessed on the first postoperative morning with PET using oxygen-15-labeled water ([(15)O]H(2)O) in 12 patients undergoing breast reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) or a transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap. The mean BF(PET) values did not differ between DIEP and TRAM flaps (P = 0.791). The mean BF(PET) values were higher in zone III compared with zone I (P = 0.024). During follow-up, fat necrosis was identified in three patients in the medial part (zone II) of the flap. However, the adipose tissue BF(PET) assessed on the first postoperative day from all zones of the flap using PET with radiowater was normal. The BF(PET) HG was higher in the control side (i.e., in the healthy breast tissue) compared with the flap (P = 0.042). The BF(PET) HG was lower in zone III than in zone I (P = 0.03) and in zone II (P < 0.001). In this pilot study, PET was used for the first time for studying the adipose tissue perfusion in different zones in free flaps in a clinical setup, finding that the mean BF(PET) values did not differ between DIEP and TRAM flaps, and that zone II was sometimes not as well perfused as zone III supporting revisited zone division.

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Subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow varies between superior and inferior levels of the anterior abdominal wall

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Marked Increase in White Adipose Tissue Blood Perfusion in the Type 2 Diabetic GK Rat

Marked Increase in White Adipose Tissue Blood Perfusion in the Type 2 Diabetic GK Rat

Increased Adipose Tissue Oxygen Tension in Obese Compared With Lean Men Is Accompanied by Insulin Resistance, Impaired Adipose Tissue Capillarization, and Inflammation

Perfusion in free breast reconstruction flap zones assessed with positron emission tomography

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