Subacute Toxicity of T-2 Toxin in Broiler Chicks ,

Abstract

Purified T-2 toxin was fed in a diet to broiler chicks from one day to 9 weeks of age in concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 2.0, and 4.0 p.p.m. to evaluate the subacute toxicity of the toxin. There were 36 chicks per T-2 concentration and 12 chicks were necropsied at 3 week intervals.The weight gain of chicks fed a diet containing 4 p.p.m. T-2 toxin was significantly (P < 0.05) less than that of chicks fed the control diet or a diet containing 0.4 p.p.m. T-2 toxin while feed conversion was similar between treatments. The weight gain was most sensitively affected by the toxin during the first 3-week period. The heart weight was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in chicks fed 1 and 2 p.p.m. T-2 toxin, but not in chicks fed 4 p.p.m. The liver and gizzard weights were not influenced by the dietary T-2 toxin.Oral lesions were observed in chicks fed the diet containing 4 p.p.m. T-2 toxin from the second week and nearly 75% of the total chicks in this treatment developed oral lesions after the 3rd week. The lesions were a circumscribed proliferative yellow caseous plaque type, and occurred at the margin of the beak, mucosa of the hard palate and angle of the mouth, and tongue. The severity and incidence were proportional to the amount of T-2 toxin in the diet. There were no outward clinical or pathological signs except that a few birds fed 4 p.p.m. T-2 toxin showed necrotic lesions on the mucosal lining of the gizzard.No abnormal changes were found in the bone marrow. As compared with control chicks, there was no marked change in blood components (hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte, leukocyte, leukocyte differential count) in T-2 treated chicks. In chicks fed high concentrations of T-2 toxin, the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, LDH and cholesterol tended to decrease while uric acid increased.

Mycotoxicosis produced in broiler chickens by multiple doses of either t‐2 toxin or diacetoxyscirpenol

“…DISCUSSION Multiple oral-gavage doses of either T-2 toxin or diacetoxyscirpenol caused lesion in lymphocytic and haematopoietic tissues, alimentary tract, the hepatobiliary tract, the feathers, kidney, and the thyroid gland. The toxic effects, including lesions, reduction in weight gain, and anaemia, were consistent with those reported by others (Chi et al, 1977;JoffeandYagen, 1978;Richard etaL, 1978;Terao etal, 1978;Wyatt et al, 1973Wyatt et al, , 1975. In this study, however, the histological evidence of immunologic and haematopoietic suppression, hepatotoxicity and dermal, renal, and thyroidal toxicity gives additional information for diagnosis of natural intoxication and also gives morphological support to the serum biochemical alterations which occur during intoxication (Pearson, 1978).…”

Survey of trichothecene mycotoxins in grains and animal feed in Croatia by thin layer chromatography

“…Wyatt, Colwell, Hamilton, and Burmeister (1973) reported oral necroses in the mouth of chickens by the doses of 1 mg/kg of T-2 toxin. Dietary concentration of 1-4 mg/kg of T-2 toxin and 1-2 mg/kg of DAS were reported to cause oral lesions, decreased feed intake and weight (Ademoyero & Hamilton, 1991;Chi et al, 1977). Abnormal feathering and neural disturbances were observed in chickens receiving dietary T-2 toxin levels of 4 mg/kg or higher (Wyatt et al, 1973;Wyatt, Hamilton, & Burmeister, 1975).…”

Effects of T-2 Toxin on Reproductive Performance and Health of Laying Hens ,

“…T-2 toxin was produced by growing Fusarium tricinctum NRRL 3299 on rice or corn grit substrate, extracted and purified as described by Chi et al (1977) and Burmeister (1971).…”

“…in moldy corn being fed to a herd of dairy cattle, 20% of which died of unknown causes over a 5-month period. In poultry T-2 toxin caused a decrease of weight gain, oral lesions (Christensen et ai, 1972;Wyatt et al, 1972;Chi et al, 1977) and neural disturbances (Wyatt era/., 1973).…”