Subacute Testicular Toxicity to Cadmium Exposure Intraperitoneally and Orally

Abstract

The toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) on reproductive parameters are widely described in the literature. Experimental models often make use of the intraperitoneal route (i.p.), although human intoxication occurs preferentially by the oral route and can be continuous. However, little is known about the effect of Cd administration routes on the testicular structure. Thus, this study investigated the testicular impact of Cd exposure comparing both i.p. and oral routes, both single dose (SD), in addition to the oral route in fractional doses (FD). Swiss adult male mice received CdCl2 1.5 mg/kg i.p., 30 mg/kg oral SD, and 4.28 mg/kg oral FD for 7 consecutive days. The Cd bioaccumulation was observed in all routes, mainly in the oral FD route. The concentrations of testicular Ca and Cu decreased in all animals exposed to Cd, while Zn and Mn decreased only in the i.p. route. Testicular SOD activity was reduced in both routes of oral administration, while CAT increased in the i.p. route, and GST increased in all animals exposed to Cd. Changes in the tubular parameters and cell viability were observed in both routes of Cd administration but were more intense in the oral route, mainly in the FD. Serum testosterone concentration was reduced in both routes of oral administration. Tubular damage, such as the vacuolization of the seminiferous epithelium, germ cell detachment, and seminiferous tubule degeneration, occurred in all groups exposed to Cd. Therefore, the oral Cd administration presented greater potential to promote testicular damage, mainly when the metal was given in a fractionated way.

Nanocurcumin versus mesenchymal stem cells in ameliorating the deleterious effects in the cadmium‐induced testicular injury: A crosstalk between oxidative and apoptotic markers

“…Nitric oxide (NO) in the present study displayed a marked expression; meanwhile CD 68 which is an indicator of macrophages was amplified in group III compared to group I. These results were in accordance with Mouro et al (2019). Oxidative stress is estimated to excite transcription factors, comprising NF‐kB (Bowie & O’Neill, 2000; Bubici, Papa, Dean, & Franzoso, 2006; Kyriakis & Avruch, 2001).…”

Cadmium as a testicular toxicant: A Review

“…A recent study has investigated the impact of Cd toxicity in mouse testis by comparing the intraperitoneal (single dose) and oral (single and fractionated dose) routes of administration. However, results showed that the oral route (fractionated dose) of Cd administration has more potential to induce testicular toxicity through increased Cd concentration and decreased SOD and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity in testicular tissue (Mouro et al, 2019).…”

Exposição a contaminantes ambientais inorgânicos e danos à saúde humana

“…Além de poderem acumular exponencialmente a medida em que vão sendo transmitidas de um animal para outro através da alimentação, escalando a cadeia alimentar através dos diversos níveis tróficos, processo denominado de biomagnificação. Animais carnívoros, como homem, que ocupam posições mais elevadas na cadeia alimentar, são os que possivelmente possuem maior concentrações teciduais de metais (MOURO et al, 2019).…”

“…Alterações em parâmetros fisiológicos humanos advinda a exposição a tóxicos ambientais tem sido descrita mundialmente para diversos órgãos e sistemas (NELSON, BUNGE, 1974, MOURO et al,2019. Por exemplo, a concentração espermática humana decresceu cerca de 50-60% entre os anos de 1973 e 2011 em países industrializados como os Estados Unidos, da Europa e a Nova Zelândia (LEVINE et al, 2017).…”

“…Entre 1965 e 2015 foi relatado redução de 73 % em países africanos (SENGUPTA et al, 2017) e 32,5% em países europeus (SENGUPTA et al, 2018). A exposição a diversas substâncias está relacionada a redução da fertilidade masculina, dentre estes podemos citar pesticidas, fungicidas, fármacos, fatores nutricionais, bem como metais pesados (WONG et al 2000;CEDERROTH et al, 2012;MOURO et al, 2019).…”