Sub-clinical diseases affecting performance in Standardbred trotters: Diagnostic methods and predictive parameters

Richard, Éric; Fortier, Guillaume; Pitel, Pierre‐Hugues; Dupuis, Marie-Capucine; Valette, Jean-Paul; Art, Tatiana; Denoix, Jean‐Marie; Lekeux, Pierre; Erck, Emmanuelle Van

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.04.016

Cited by 71 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Locomotory ability correlates positively with hunting success, escape from predators (Christian and Tracy 1981;Trombulak 1989), dispersal (Phillips et al 2006), and mating success in several vertebrate species, the latter specifically through achieving victory in male combat via speed or agility (Able 1999;reviewed in Lailvaux and Irschick 2006;Husak and Fox 2008). Locomotor performance has also previously been used as an indicator of the health of an individual (Holem et al 2006;Richard et al 2010; but see Vervust et al 2008), and declines prior to signs of morbidity or mortality associated with infection (Goater et al 1993;Oppliger et al 1996). Similarly, testis size, germinal epithelium depth, and spermatic cyst diameter are closely tied to reproductive success in several vertebrate taxa, and collectively may be used as a proxy for reproductive fitness among males (McCallum and Trauth, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness Consequences of Infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens)

et al. 2013

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The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been linked to amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. The pathogen has been found on amphibians throughout eastern North America, but has not been associated with mass die-offs in this region. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments on the effects of Bd infection in a putative carrier species, Lithobates pipiens, using two estimators of fitness: jumping performance and testes morphology. Over the 8-week study period, peak acceleration during jumping was not significantly different between infected and uninfected animals. Peak velocity, however, was significantly lower for infected animals after 8 weeks. Two measures of sperm production, germinal epithelium depth, and maximum spermatic cyst diameter, showed no difference between infected and uninfected animals. The width, but not length, of testes of infected animals was significantly greater than in uninfected animals. This study is the first to show effects on whole-organism performance of Bd infection in post-metamorphic amphibians, and may have important long-term, evolutionary implications for amphibian populations co-existing with Bd infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness Consequences of Infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens)

et al. 2013

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“…Several previous studies on racehorses found no negative association with performance despite the high prevalence of valvular regurgitation (Young et al 2008;Richard et al 2010). Nevertheless, normal cardiac structure and function at rest may not exclude the possibility of abnormalities induced by strenuous exercise (Martin et al 2000;Jose-Cunilleras et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Evaluation of poor performance in racehorses using a high-speed treadmill

Melkova¹,

Jahn²,

Bodeček³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The study reports the results of a comprehensive clinical evaluation of 18 racehorses with a history of inadequate athletic performance. The poor performance evaluation included general physical examination and laboratory screening, respiratory examination including upper airway endoscopy at rest and during maximal treadmill exercise, cardiac examination, post-exercise serum biochemistry and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology. A definitive diagnosis was established in 15 horses (83.3%). The most frequent findings were upper respiratory tract disorders, with dorsal displacement of the soft palate being most often diagnosed (eight horses) followed by axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds (two horses) and recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (two horses). Inflammatory airway disease was diagnosed in two horses and exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in one horse. Subclinical myopathy was detected in two horses. Ten horses (55.6%) had multiple concomitant problems that may have contributed to their inadequate athletic performance; therefore, a comprehensive approach is required to diagnose the cause of decreased athletic capability.Keywords: exercise testing; upper airway obstruction; endoscopy; horse List of abbreviations ADAF = axial deviation of aryepiglottic fold, BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage, CK = creatine kinase, EIPH = exerciseinduced pulmonary haemorrhage, IAD = inflammatory airway disease, PLH = pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia, RLN = recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, SET = standardised exercise test

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“…*Taken from a review of the following publications: Mair and others 1987; Robinson 2003; Richard and others 2010…”

Section: Tracheal Wash Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation of tracheal wash samples in horses

Smith¹

2019

In Practice

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Respiratory tract disease is among the most common diseases in horses causing poor performance and compromising health. Determining a diagnosis can be challenging due to non-specific clinical signs; therefore, due to ease and rapidity, respiratory tract endoscopy and tracheal wash (TW) are often used during initial testing. However, interpretation of tracheal wash fluid (TWF) is complicated by the fact that there is no universally accepted cytological reference range. This article discusses obtaining, processing and interpreting the results of a TW sample to provide the maximum information, so that a diagnosis can be made and an appropriate treatment selected.

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Sub-clinical diseases affecting performance in Standardbred trotters: Diagnostic methods and predictive parameters

Cited by 71 publications

References 40 publications

Fitness Consequences of Infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens)

Fitness Consequences of Infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens)

Evaluation of poor performance in racehorses using a high-speed treadmill

Interpretation of tracheal wash samples in horses

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