Styloid process elongation and calcification in subjects with tmd: clinical and radiographic aspects

Abstract

Knowledge of the Eagle's syndrome shows that its symptoms can be very easily confused with other types of craniomandibular disorders, especially temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this study was to find a possible correlation between the presence of TMD and elongation of the styloid process as well relate to presence of calcification of the stilohyoid chain. Fifty patients with TMD, confirmed from the RDC/TMD, were examined clinically and radiographically. Radiographic documentation consisted of digital panoramic radiograph and digital lateral cephalometric radiograph. Radiocef software (Radiomemory) was used for the analysis of radiographs by means of specific cephalometric tracing and linear measurements of the styloid process. Each radiograph was traced and measured three times with intervals of 1 month to spread the error. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson's test (p=0.001) using Biostat 4.0 statistical software. Result showed an incidence of 76% elongation of the styloid process in the sample. There was a correlation between the bilateral measures taken in panoramic radiographs (р<0.001) and also for measures of styloid process length carried out in different panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs (р<0.001). It was concluded that there is prevalence of elongated styloid process in patients with TMD. However, no relationship was found between measurements on the stylohyoid chain and symptoms of headache, orofacial pain, tinnitus and vertigo.

Bruxi̇sm’i̇ Olan Hastalarda Styloi̇d Process Uzunluğunun Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

“…Eagle sendromu SP'in uzaması, deforme olması veya styloid ligamentin kalsifiye olması sonucu oluşan bir hastalıktır [7][8][9][10][11] . Boğaz ağrısı, kulak ağrısı, ses değişikliği, baş boyun ağrıları, Eagle sendromunun en çok görülen belirtileridir 12,13 .…”

Eagle syndrome. A narrative review

“…1,25 Therefore a correct anamnesis 30,39,41 is required, as well as the use of clinical 13,16,33 and radiographic 3,5,24,42 methods.…”

“…For the nonsurgical treatment there is no real positive long-term effect and after 6 to 12 months, the symptoms reappear. 8,9,12,16,17,18,20,28,30,32,37,41 Eagle syndrome. A narrative review.…”

“…Fracture of the calcified stylohyoid ligament, 15,31,33 caused by cervical trauma or a sudden movement of the neck, with the consequent proliferation of granulation tissue that can cause pressure on the structures surrounding the stylohyoid complex. 16,37,41 4. Pressure on the carotid artery, with stimulation of the sympathetic chain involving the carotid sheath.…”

The Evaluation of Clinical and Radiographic Findings in Patients Detected Calcified Stylohyoid Complex

“…1,3,6,11,[12][13][14] Literatürde KSK'nin prevalansının, uzunluğu-nun ve morfolojik olarak kalsifikasyon tiplerinin değerlendirildiği çalışmalar olmasına rağmen, KSK'nin neden olabileceği klinik bulguları geniş bir çerçevede değerlendiren bir çalışma mevcut değildir.…”