Study on the interactions of drug isoniazid in aqueous-D-xylose/L-arabinose solutions at different temperatures using volumetric, acoustic and viscometric approaches

Volumetric, Viscometric, and Refractive Index Studies of Drug Nicotinic Acid in Aqueous d-Xylose/l-Arabinose Solutions from 293.15 to 313.15 K: Insights into Solute–Solute and Solute–Solvent Interactions

“…The apparent molar volume ( V ϕ ) of nicotinic acid can be calculated by using the following equation , where M and m are the molar mass and molality of the solute (nicotinic acid), respectively, and ρ and ρ 0 denote the densities of the ternary solutions (nicotinic acid + d -xylose/ l -arabinose + water) and binary solutions ( d -xylose/ l -arabinose + water) or water, respectively. The calculated values of V ϕ for nicotinic acid are listed in Table .…”

“…The transfer limiting partial molar volumes of nicotinic acid from pure water to an aqueous solution of d -xylose or l -arabinose, Δ trs V ϕ 0 , are calculated according to the following equation: , The values of Δ trs V ϕ 0 of nicotinic acid are presented in Table . It is noteworthy that the values of Δ trs V ϕ 0 , by definition, can also provide information about solute–solvent interactions without considering the influence of solute–solute interactions.…”

“…According to Desnoyers’ cosphere overlap model, various types of interactions in the nicotinic acid + water + d -xylose/ l -arabinose ternary systems can be summarized as follows: hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions between the nonpolar groups of two nicotinic acid molecules (negative contribution to volume); hydrogen bond interactions between the hydrophilic sites (carboxylic acid and N atom of pyridine) of two nicotinic acid molecules , (positive contribution to volume); hydrophilic–hydrophobic interactions between the nonpolar groups and hydrophilic groups of two nicotinic acid molecules (negative contribution to volume); hydrophilic–hydrophilic interactions between water or hydroxyl groups of the d -xylose/ l -arabinose molecule and the hydrophilic sites of nicotinic acid molecules (positive contribution to volume); hydrophilic–hydrophobic interactions between water or hydroxyl groups of the d -xylose/ l -arabinose molecule and the nonpolar groups of the nicotinic acid molecule (negative contribution to volume); hydrophobic–hydrophilic interactions between the nonpolar groups of the d -xylose/ l -arabinose molecule and the hydrophilic sites of the nicotinic acid molecule (negative contribution to volume); and hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions between the nonpolar groups of the d -xylose/ l -arabinose molecule and the nonpolar groups of the nicotinic acid molecule (negative contribution to volume) …”

“…hydrophilic–hydrophilic interactions between water or hydroxyl groups of the d -xylose/ l -arabinose molecule and the hydrophilic sites of nicotinic acid molecules (positive contribution to volume);…”

“…Therefore, research on the volumetric properties, viscometric properties, and refractive indices of drugs in aqueous media is helpful for deepening the understanding of drug molecular interactions, which contributes significantly to advancements in the fields of pharmacy and pharmaceutical chemistry. − However, the drug–solvent interactions that can elucidate the solvation behavior of drugs in vivo are difficult to investigate directly because of the presence of various cosolutes, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, salts, proteins, and so forth in biosystems. Therefore, the study of the physicochemical properties of drugs and their interactions with chemicals (amino acids and carbohydrates) present in the human body is helpful to deeply comprehend the clinical mechanism of drugs at the molecular level …”