Study on Passive Ventilation and Cooling Strategies for Cold Lanes and Courtyard Houses—A Case Study of Rural Traditional Village in Shaanxi, China

Abstract

China’s research on and specific implementation of energy saving for buildings are mainly concentrated in urban areas, but according to 2016 statistics, the rural population accounts for 42.65% of the total population, so rural housing has considerable energy-saving potential. However, the degree of attention to the energy consumption of rural houses needs to be improved. Regarding the research on and implementation of passive energy-saving strategies for residences, compared with centralized urban high-rise residences, rural residences mainly have independent courtyards, with a flexible layout and easier transformation. In this study, a system that uses the common cold lanes in traditional villages and buildings’ exterior walls was constructed, and the indoor spaces of courtyard buildings in southern Shaanxi were completely passively cooled in summer. This system can be completely separated from the supply of artificial energy by relying on the accumulation and buoyancy effects of air in patios and cold lanes and the hot-pressure ventilation in buildings to cool the buildings and greatly improve indoor ventilation efficiency. As the building is ventilated and cooled, the air wall formed in the system can effectively prevent direct contact between the outdoor and indoor temperatures and reduce the impact of thermal wall radiation on the interior. In previous studies on the passive design of courtyard houses, scholars considered the effect of thermal wall radiation on indoor temperature in simulations. Therefore, in this study, we also separately calculated whether to consider the difference between the situation with and without wall heat radiation (WHR) when simulating thermal conversion. The final results show that when the cooling system was adopted, the annual cooling load of the whole building was 4786.494 kW·h without WHR. However, with WHR, the cooling load reduction was 2989.128 kW·h, a difference of 1797.336 kW·h.

Knowledge Map of Urban Morphology and Thermal Comfort: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace

“…Research needs to be carried out in wider mid-to high-latitude climate zones in the future. In addition, for certain special built-up areas, such as urban historic districts, traditional villages, and traditional buildings [98], due to their unique street canyon types and historical conservation requirements, as well as high tourist traffic, further research is needed at the mechanistic and strategic levels to address these special characteristics.…”

Active cooling photovoltaic with IoT facility

“…As such, there are many cooling techniques available in the literature. For instance, a passive air-cooled system [13], [14], closed loop water cooling system [15], air-cooled system [16], and water sparkling system [17] as shown in Figure 3 respectively. Passive air-cooled system uses heat sinks as a heat transfer that can transfer the heat from a high thermal energy to a low temperature side and then cooled-up by the surrounding air.…”

Indoors ventilation in times of confinement by SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: A comparative approach between Spain and Italy

“…Therefore, it is necessary to improve the indoor air quality and, to avoid high concentrations of harmful substances, it is needed to have good ventilation in the house ( Chen Ren, 2019 ; Garcia-Chevesich, 2014 ; Ogen, 2020 ; World Health Organization, WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide: Global update 2005, 2005 ; World Health Organization, Statement on the second meeting of the Emergency Committee of the International Health Regulations (2005) on the novel coronavirus outbreak (2019-nCoV)., 2020c ). Furthermore, the presence of people in a closed space for a number of hours higher than the usual may imply an increase in the concentration of CO 2 in our rooms ( Balocco, 2020 ; De Gaetani, 2020 ; Darmanis, 2020 ; Dudzik, 2020 ; Hye-Sun Jin, 2020 ; Lee, 2020 ; Rossi, 2020 ; Yao, 2020 ). Electronic devices, known as e-noses, may be conveniently used as smart devices to monitor indoor air quality in a living environment ( Sironi, 2014 ; Viccione D. S., 2014 ; Viccione T. Z., 2012 ).…”