Study of the teratogenic potential of FD & C Red No. 40 when given by gavage to rats

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Allura Red AC (E 129) as a food additive

“…There were no dose-related changes in terms of maternal daily observations, food consumption, body weight gain, implantations, or in fetal viability, body weight, body length, sex distribution or external variations. Although incidental increases in the number of male fetuses, number of females with two or more resorptions, number of litters with three or more sternebral variations, and incidence of 14 th rib bud occurred, these were not considered doserelated (Collins et al, 1989b). The Panel concluded that the NOAEL in this study was 1000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.…”

“…Several other subchronic, reproductive, developmental and long-term studies revealed NOAEL values of, respectively, 2595 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Weir and Crews, 1966a), 200 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Collins, 1974), 700 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rabbits (Reno, 1974), 7300 mg/kg bw/day for male and 8300 mg/kg bw/day for female mice (Serota et al, 1977a;Borzelleca et al, 1991), 546 mg/kg bw/day in rats (Collins et al, 1989a) and 1000 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Collins et al, 1989b).…”

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Allura Red AC (E 129) as a food additive

“…There were no dose-related changes in terms of maternal daily observations, food consumption, body weight gain, implantations, or in fetal viability, body weight, body length, sex distribution or external variations. Although incidental increases in the number of male fetuses, number of females with two or more resorptions, number of litters with three or more sternebral variations, and incidence of 14 th rib bud occurred, these were not considered doserelated (Collins et al, 1989b). The Panel concluded that the NOAEL in this study was 1000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.…”

“…Several other subchronic, reproductive, developmental and long-term studies revealed NOAEL values of, respectively, 2595 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Weir and Crews, 1966a), 200 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Collins, 1974), 700 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rabbits (Reno, 1974), 7300 mg/kg bw/day for male and 8300 mg/kg bw/day for female mice (Serota et al, 1977a;Borzelleca et al, 1991), 546 mg/kg bw/day in rats (Collins et al, 1989a) and 1000 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Collins et al, 1989b).…”

The influence of the synthetic food colourings tartrazine, allura red and indigo carmine on the body weight of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larvae

“…The articles by Collins et al (1985Collins et al ( , 1989 reported the teratogenic potential of concentrations of tartrazine at 0, 60, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight when it was given to pregnant rats during the first 19 days of pregnancy. Tartrazine caused no significant toxic effect on the health of females and the development of the fetus.…”

“…During the evaluation of the DNA condition, specific damage among mice was determined at the dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight, but no DNA damage was found among rats. Collins et al (1985Collins et al ( , 1989) studied the teratogenic potential of allura red for Osborne-Mendel rats. The rats received the colouring in doses of 0, 30, 75, 150, 300, 600 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight daily in the first experiment, and 273.6, 545.7 and 939.3 mg/kg in the second.…”

In Vitro Screening Assay for Detecting Aromatase Activity Using Rat Ovarian Microsomes and Estrone ELISA

“…25) Allura red is negative to Salmonella, 37) and is not carcinogenic in rats 38) or mice. 39) One teratology study with allura red in rats showed negative results, 40) while another showed reduced ossification of the hyoid bone. 41) Allura red shows both physical and behavioral toxicity in developing rats.…”

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Allura Red AC (E 129) as a food additive

“…There were no dose-related changes in terms of maternal daily observations, food consumption, body weight gain, implantations, or in fetal viability, body weight, body length, sex distribution or external variations. Although incidental increases in the number of male fetuses, number of females with two or more resorptions, number of litters with three or more sternebral variations, and incidence of 14 th rib bud occurred, these were not considered doserelated (Collins et al, 1989b). The Panel concluded that the NOAEL in this study was 1000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.…”

“…Several other subchronic, reproductive, developmental and long-term studies revealed NOAEL values of, respectively, 2595 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Weir and Crews, 1966a), 200 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Collins, 1974), 700 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rabbits (Reno, 1974), 7300 mg/kg bw/day for male and 8300 mg/kg bw/day for female mice (Serota et al, 1977a;Borzelleca et al, 1991), 546 mg/kg bw/day in rats (Collins et al, 1989a) and 1000 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Collins et al, 1989b).…”

The influence of the synthetic food colourings tartrazine, allura red and indigo carmine on the body weight of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larvae

“…The articles by Collins et al (1985Collins et al ( , 1989 reported the teratogenic potential of concentrations of tartrazine at 0, 60, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight when it was given to pregnant rats during the first 19 days of pregnancy. Tartrazine caused no significant toxic effect on the health of females and the development of the fetus.…”

“…During the evaluation of the DNA condition, specific damage among mice was determined at the dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight, but no DNA damage was found among rats. Collins et al (1985Collins et al ( , 1989) studied the teratogenic potential of allura red for Osborne-Mendel rats. The rats received the colouring in doses of 0, 30, 75, 150, 300, 600 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight daily in the first experiment, and 273.6, 545.7 and 939.3 mg/kg in the second.…”

In Vitro Screening Assay for Detecting Aromatase Activity Using Rat Ovarian Microsomes and Estrone ELISA

“…25) Allura red is negative to Salmonella, 37) and is not carcinogenic in rats 38) or mice. 39) One teratology study with allura red in rats showed negative results, 40) while another showed reduced ossification of the hyoid bone. 41) Allura red shows both physical and behavioral toxicity in developing rats.…”

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Allura Red AC (E 129) as a food additive

“…There were no dose-related changes in terms of maternal daily observations, food consumption, body weight gain, implantations, or in fetal viability, body weight, body length, sex distribution or external variations. Although incidental increases in the number of male fetuses, number of females with two or more resorptions, number of litters with three or more sternebral variations, and incidence of 14 th rib bud occurred, these were not considered doserelated (Collins et al, 1989b). The Panel concluded that the NOAEL in this study was 1000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.…”

“…Several other subchronic, reproductive, developmental and long-term studies revealed NOAEL values of, respectively, 2595 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Weir and Crews, 1966a), 200 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Collins, 1974), 700 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rabbits (Reno, 1974), 7300 mg/kg bw/day for male and 8300 mg/kg bw/day for female mice (Serota et al, 1977a;Borzelleca et al, 1991), 546 mg/kg bw/day in rats (Collins et al, 1989a) and 1000 mg/kg bw/day (highest dose tested) in rats (Collins et al, 1989b).…”

The influence of the synthetic food colourings tartrazine, allura red and indigo carmine on the body weight of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larvae

“…The articles by Collins et al (1985Collins et al ( , 1989 reported the teratogenic potential of concentrations of tartrazine at 0, 60, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight when it was given to pregnant rats during the first 19 days of pregnancy. Tartrazine caused no significant toxic effect on the health of females and the development of the fetus.…”

“…During the evaluation of the DNA condition, specific damage among mice was determined at the dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight, but no DNA damage was found among rats. Collins et al (1985Collins et al ( , 1989) studied the teratogenic potential of allura red for Osborne-Mendel rats. The rats received the colouring in doses of 0, 30, 75, 150, 300, 600 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight daily in the first experiment, and 273.6, 545.7 and 939.3 mg/kg in the second.…”

In Vitro Screening Assay for Detecting Aromatase Activity Using Rat Ovarian Microsomes and Estrone ELISA

“…25) Allura red is negative to Salmonella, 37) and is not carcinogenic in rats 38) or mice. 39) One teratology study with allura red in rats showed negative results, 40) while another showed reduced ossification of the hyoid bone. 41) Allura red shows both physical and behavioral toxicity in developing rats.…”