Study of the formation and breaking of extra-heavy-crude-oil-in-water emulsions—A proposed strategy for transporting extra heavy crude oils

Martínez‐Palou, Rafael; Reyes, Jesús; Cerón‐Camacho, Ricardo; Ramírez-de-Santiago, Mario; Villanueva, Diana; Vallejo-Cardona, Alba Adriana; Aburto, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.cep.2015.09.014

Cited by 60 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Range emulsions, for example, can be created inside oil reservoirs, in the wellbore throughout production, or in the pipelines during transportation. Emulsion formation and stability have been extensively investigated with respect to their relevance in several technological areas, such as the petroleum, coating, food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, among many others [6,7,10]. The factors that affect crude oil emulsions and their stabilities during emulsification have been thoroughly investigated [50].…”

Section: Emulsion Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of calcium chloride with cationic poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin) (PDcE) and cationic polyacrylamine (CPAM) as demulsifiers for the demulsification of super-heavy oil was investigated by Tong et al [98]. The demulsifier formulation with a PDcE/CaCl 2 /CPAM ratio of 20:600: [7] and resulted in a dewatering efficiency of 89.5%. The disparity in efficiency between Martínez-Palou et al [33] and Flores et al [99], who both used ionic demulsifiers, could be attributed to the chemical composition of the demulsifiers and the operating conditions of the demulsification process.…”

Section: Chemical Demulsificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These emulsions are droplets of water or brine dispersed in a continuous phase of crude oil: hence, they are known as water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions [5]. The emulsions encountered during crude oil production are complex in nature, and they can be grouped into water-in-oil (W/O), oil-in-water (O/W), and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions [6][7][8][9]. Amongst these emulsion types, the water-in-oil emulsion has been reported to predominate, whereas the other types are present in insignificant proportions [2,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Recent Advances in State-of-the-Art Techniques in the Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions

et al. 2019

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The processing of crude oil often requires the extraction of a large amount of water. Frequently, crude oil is mixed with water to form water-in-crude oil emulsions as the result of factors such as high shear at the production wellhead and surface-active substances that are naturally present in crude oil. These emulsions are undesirable and require demulsification to remove the dispersed water and associated inorganic salts in order to meet production and transportation specifications. Additionally, the demulsification of these crude oil emulsions mitigates corrosion and catalyst poisoning and invariably maximizes the overall profitability of crude oil production. Recently, there has been growing research interest in developing workable solutions to the difficulties associated with transporting and refining crude oil emulsions and the restrictions on produced water discharge. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent research efforts on state-of-the-art demulsification techniques. First, an overview of crude oil emulsion types, formation, and stability is presented. Then, the parameters and mechanisms of emulsification formation and different demulsification techniques are extensively examined. It is worth noting that the efficiency of each of these techniques is dependent on the operating parameters and their interplay. Moreover, a more effective demulsification process could be attained by leveraging synergistic effects by combining one or more of these techniques. Finally, this literature review then culminates with propositions for future research. Therefore, the findings of this study can help for a better understanding of the formation and mechanisms of the various demulsification methods of crude oil to work on the development of green demulsifiers by different sources.

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Section: Emulsion Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Demulsificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Recent Advances in State-of-the-Art Techniques in the Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions

et al. 2019

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“…Previously, some authors of the present work published a laboratory-level study in which a methodology for transporting heavy Mexican crude through pipelines was developed by forming O/W emulsions after screening different demulsifiers [13]. Moreover, the synthesis of an ionic-esterified amino acid salt demulsifier under microwave irradiation was also described [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Considerations for Scaling Up the Synthesis of a Glycine‐Based Ionic Demulsifier

et al. 2020

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The operating conditions for scaling up the synthesis in semibatch‐type reactors of an ionic‐esterified amino acid salt, namely, 2‐(tetradecyloxy)‐2‐oxoethanaminium methanesulfonate, a demulsifier for breaking crude oil‐in‐water emulsions, were established. The conversion and reaction time were studied at different temperatures on a laboratory scale, and the best conditions for the reaction were found at 90 °C. At different reaction scales up to an industrial reactor, the influence of reaction variables such as temperature, order and rate of reagent addition, and reaction time were studied. This progressive scaling study found the most suitable and safest conditions to carry out the industrial‐level scaling of a high‐performance product for oilfield application.

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“…Methods of viscosity reduction include heating [10][11][12], ultrasonic treatment [13][14][15][16][17], emulsification of oil in water [18][19][20][21][22], and dilution (mixing with a thinning liquid with lower viscosity, for example, condensate from natural gas extraction, naphtha, kerosene, lighter crude oil, etc.) [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic and Heat Treatment of Crude Oils

Кадыйров

Karaeva

2019

Energies

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One of the methods of influence on rheological properties of heavy high-viscosity crude oils is ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasonic treatment allows reducing the viscosity of crude oil and, therefore, reducing the costs of its production and transportation. In this paper, the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the rheological characteristics of crude oil (sample No. 1 API = 29.1, sample No. 2 API = 15.9) was investigated. An experimental method was developed. Experimental studies were carried out using the Physica MCR 102 rheometer. The influence of the intensity and duration of ultrasonic treatment on the viscosity of the initial crude oils was studied for 24 h. In addition, the rheological characteristics of the treated oil were investigated after its natural cooling to 293 K. The results are compared with similar results for thermal heating.

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Study of the formation and breaking of extra-heavy-crude-oil-in-water emulsions—A proposed strategy for transporting extra heavy crude oils

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

An Overview of Recent Advances in State-of-the-Art Techniques in the Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions

An Overview of Recent Advances in State-of-the-Art Techniques in the Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions

Considerations for Scaling Up the Synthesis of a Glycine‐Based Ionic Demulsifier

Ultrasonic and Heat Treatment of Crude Oils

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