Study of Liquid Metal Fault Current Limiter for Medium-Voltage DC Power Systems

He, Hailong; Wu, Yi; Yang, Zhuo; Zhao, Peng; Zhu, Xiaonan; Niu, Chunping; Rong, Mingzhe

doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2018.2791435

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Generator feeder (1), power station auxiliaries (2), the secondary side of the transformer (3), the primary side of the transformer (4), the combination with other HTS devices (5), network coupling (6), bus-bar coupling (7), shunting with neutral grounding impedance (8), shunting with the current limiting reactor (9), outgoing feeder (10), loop-closing ring circuit (11), incoming feeder or secondary side of the transformer (12), and coupling the local generation unit (13).…”

Section: Sfcl Types: a Brief Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NSFCLs are mainly developed based on liquid metals and semiconductor materials. In liquid metal FCLs, as their name implies, fault current limitation duty is achieved by the liquid metals such as mercury or gallium alloys [8]. In semiconductor based on FCL, which is named as solid-state FCLs (SSFCLs), the power semiconductor switches are implemented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the advance of SFCL: a comprehensive review

Barzegar-Bafrooei

Foroud

Ashkezari³

et al. 2019

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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Section: Sfcl Types: a Brief Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the advance of SFCL: a comprehensive review

Barzegar-Bafrooei

Foroud

Ashkezari³

et al. 2019

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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“…As a reference, arc resistance variations in the three regimes are also extracted and discussed in Figure S10 according to He et al's work. 24 To evaluate the influence of electrical arc on the Galinstan, we calculate the energy put into the electrical arc in three cases shown in Figure 2. Based on the U−I data recorded by the oscilloscope and Q = ∫ o t UI dt, the totally input arc energy is calculated to be 4.335 e −4 J, 7.19 e −2 J, and 0.78 J, respectively, corresponding to regime A, regime B, and regime C. With such a huge difference between arc energy, it indicates that there must be a significant temperature difference across the LM filament in three regimes and the regime C had better be averted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the previous works in our group concentrate on an LM current limiter, which exploits high electromagnetic pinch force to break an LM conductive channel and ignite electrical arc. 23,24 To realize a sufficient drive of the conductive LM channel, the current limiter requires an extremely high current amplitude at the kiloampere level, which means it is only applicable to transient shortcircuit current application. To date, LM-based electrical switch suitable for rated power application has not been well developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power-Level Electrical Switch Enabled by a Liquid-Metal Bridge

Zhu

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Soft electronic components possess the potential to be developed into next-generation electrical devices that can provide superior performance to solid-state counterparts. Among commonly used components, electrical switches are an essential control element in electrical and electronic systems. Both solid-state mechanical and semiconductor switches are blamed for some intrinsic shortcomings. For example, the former suffers from contact surface degradation, while the latter functions with a high conduction loss. To overcome the limitations, here, a liquid metal (LM)enabled electrical switch is reported by incorporating a Galinstan liquid bridge into a pair of solid electrodes. The electrical switch operation is realized by the coalescence of LM droplets and the breakup of the LM bridge. Extraordinarily, the device is capable of interrupting a DC 220 V, 1− 5 A circuit within 11 ms, outperforming a common mechanical switch by a factor of 4−20 in terms of interruption speed. During the breakup process of an LM bridge in the presence of a current, three regimes characterized by electrical arc behaviors are identified and investigated. The rupture distance formed before pinch-off is critical to regulate the arc plasma behaviors. The presented applications and discoveries have a vast potential in both practical technologies, involving high-current electrical and electronic equipment, and fundamental research fields relevant to soft electronics, fluid mechanics, and plasma science.

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“…Physical processes were studied with various degrees of depth in [2,[7][8][9][10]. Therefore, there arises a task for comprehensive qualitative character of representation and generalization of physical phenomena in the current limiter at the main stages of work by summarizing the experimental research data presented in [1,4,[11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Operation of Liquid Metal Fuses When Breaking Overcurrents

Kuznetsov¹,

Aleksandrov²,

Yurenkov³

2020

E3S Web Conf.

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This paper shows that successful switching of extremely high short-circuit currents I> 50 kA can be achieved by joint operation of a liquid-metal self-resetting current limiter and a circuit breaker connected in series. The type NFU-225 device from Mitsubishi was taken as an example. The time-current characteristic of joint operation of a liquid-metal self-resetting current-limiting device and a circuit breaker was compiled. However, further in the article physical processes occurring in a liquid-metal self-resetting current limiter with a complete transformation of fusible unit are considered. The result of work is modelling of operation of liquid-metal fuses when overcurrents are switched off based on the pilot studies obtained by the Japanese scientists. It is proposed to simulate the break process not at every time moment, but at specific time moments (reference points). At other time moments, current and voltage should be considered as approximately linearly changing characteristics. The work of current limiter can be represented by three stages: the pre-arc, the main arc and the final arc. If the current density is less than 1000 A/mm2, then the pre-arc operation stage of the current limiter includes the following sections for heating the fusible unit: primary heating to the melting temperature; melting and its transition to liquid state; secondary heating to evaporation temperature; evaporation of fusible unit.

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Study of Liquid Metal Fault Current Limiter for Medium-Voltage DC Power Systems

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

On the advance of SFCL: a comprehensive review

On the advance of SFCL: a comprehensive review

Power-Level Electrical Switch Enabled by a Liquid-Metal Bridge

Modeling Operation of Liquid Metal Fuses When Breaking Overcurrents

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