Study of Bonding Formation between the Filaments of PLA in FFF Process

Kallel, Achraf; Koutiri, Imade; Babaeitorkamani, E.; Khavandi, Alireza; Tamizifar, Morteza; Shirinbayan, Mohammadali; Tcharkhtchi, Abbas

doi:10.3139/217.3718

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…According to the conducted study, the FFF process parameters impact the temperature-time curves, which are representative of the cooling rate pattern of the printed layers. 38 The effect of the T liquefier as one of the most important process parameters has been considered. According to be able study the effect of T liquefier , three different values of 220, 230, and 240 C were considered for comparing their results, according to Table 3.…”

Section: Influence Of T Liquefiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of process parameters on thermal and mechanical properties of polymer‐based composites using fused filament fabrication

et al. 2021

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The fused filament fabrication (FFF) process of polymer-based composites has been developed due to its capability to make complex geometries and shapes with reasonable mechanical properties. However, the improvement of mechanical properties of the obtained parts and products are still under study and are interesting for designers. There are several strategies to enhance these desired properties of produced pieces, for example optimizing the process parameters and/or using different architecting designs. This paper presents the effect of some overriding process parameters (liquefier temperature, print speed, layer height, and platform temperature) on the temperature evolution and mechanical behavior of PA6 reinforced with chopped carbon fibers produced by FFF. Due to deposition of multilayers, there is a cyclic profile of temperature in the FFF process, which is a considerable note related to fabrication and consequently the strength of the manufactured parts. In parallel with the study of process parameters effect, this cyclic temperature profile has been measured. The preliminary results related to physicochemical and mechanical properties revealed that differences in crystallinity percentage exist and failure stress/strain can be considered as an indicator to evaluate the mechanical properties of FFF manufactured products. Moreover, measuring the temperature profile of the deposited filaments revealed that process parameters have a considerable influence on the cooling process of deposited filaments which itself affects the bonding of adjacent filaments. The higher temperatures led to slower cooling rate. Finally, the results confirm the impact of mentioned parameters roles on the bonding formation in the FFF process and also the subsequent obtained mechanical properties of the printed parts. Therefore, selection of the optimized and suitable process parameters is an important design consideration.

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Section: Influence Of T Liquefiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of process parameters on thermal and mechanical properties of polymer‐based composites using fused filament fabrication

et al. 2021

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“…A thermocouple type K with a diameter of 80 μm, capable of measuring temperature from −75 C to 250 C was used. [32] To measure the temperature evolutions, a measurement device "Datapaq Tracker Telemetry system" was used (an in situ measurement device using in rotational molding process [33] ). The influence of liquefier temperature has been studied.…”

Section: Online Temperature Monitoring Of Filaments During Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of process parameters on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactic acid fabricated by fused filament fabrication

Vanaei

Shirinbayan

Deligant

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Fused filament fabrication is considered one of the most used processes in additive manufacturing rapid prototypes out of polymeric material. Poor strength of the deposited layers is still one of the main critical problems in this process, which affects the mechanical properties of the final parts. To improve the mechanical strength, investigation into various process parameters must be considered. In this article, the influence of different process parameters has been experimentally investigated by means of physicochemical and mechanical characterizations. Special attention was given to the thermal aspect. In that respect, the in situ measurement of temperature profile during deposition indicated that several parameters affect the cooling rate of material and consequently have an influence on the final parts. It was found that the influence of increasing the extruder temperature is more significant in comparison with other process parameters.

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“…The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/1355-2546.htm cooling down after the completion of the printing process (Kallel et al, 2019;Bähr and Westkämper, 2018). According to Bähr and Westkämper (2018), there are four phases that would be experienced by such polymeric filament upon the heating, deposition and cooling down during the FFF process, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of extruder temperatures and raster orientations on mechanical properties of the FFF-processed polylactic-acid (PLA) material

Arifvianto

Wirawan

Salim

et al. 2021

RPJ

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of extruder temperatures and raster orientations on the mechanical properties of polylactic-acid (PLA) material processed by using fused filament fabrication (FFF). Design/methodology/approach In this research, the PLA specimens were first printed with nozzle or extruder temperatures of 205°C, 215°C and 225°C and then evaluated in terms of their physical, chemical and mechanical properties. An appropriate extruder temperature was then selected based on this experiment and used for the printing of the other PLA specimens having various raster orientations. A series of tensile tests were carried out again to investigate the influence of raster orientations on the tensile strength, tensile strain and elastic modulus of those FFF-processed PLA materials. In the end, the one-way ANOVA was applied for the statistical analysis and the Mohr’s circle was established to aid in the analysis of the data obtained in this experiment. Findings The result of this study shows that the chemistry, porosity, degree of crystallinity and mechanical properties (tensile strength, strain and elastic modulus) of the PLA material printed with a raster angle of 0° were all insensitive to the increasing extruder temperature from 205°C to 225°C. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of such printed PLA material were obviously influenced by its raster orientation. In this case, a PLA material with a raster orientation parallel to its loading axis, i.e. those with a raster angle of θ = 0°, was found as the strongest material. Meanwhile, the raster configuration-oriented perpendicular to its loading axis or θ = 90° yielded the weakest PLA material. The results of the tensile tests for the PLA material printed with bidirectional raster orientations, i.e. θ = 0°/90° and 45°/−45° demonstrated their strengths with values falling between those of the materials having unidirectional raster θ = 0° and 90°. Furthermore, the result of the analysis by using a well-known Mohr’s circle confirmed the experimental tensile strengths and the failure mechanisms of the PLA material that had been printed with various raster orientations. Originality/value This study presented consistent results on the chemistry, physical, degree of crystallinity and mechanical properties of the FFF-processed PLA in responding to the increasing extruder temperature from 205°C to 225°C applied during the printing process. Unlike the results of the previous studies, all these properties were also found to be insensitive to the increase of extruder temperature. Also, the result of this research demonstrates the usability of Mohr’s circle in the analysis of stresses working on an FFF-processed PLA material in responding to the changes in raster orientation printed in this material.

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Study of Bonding Formation between the Filaments of PLA in FFF Process

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of process parameters on thermal and mechanical properties of polymer‐based composites using fused filament fabrication

Effect of process parameters on thermal and mechanical properties of polymer‐based composites using fused filament fabrication

Influence of process parameters on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactic acid fabricated by fused filament fabrication

Effects of extruder temperatures and raster orientations on mechanical properties of the FFF-processed polylactic-acid (PLA) material

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