Study of aqueous leaf extracts of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiaceae) in gastric ulcer models and the possible mechanisms of action

Abstract

Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) commonly known as ̒yellow mombin̕ is a multipurpose herb cultivated in parts of the Brazilian Northeast for its edible fruits, oil and leaves. The bark is used to carve figures and the leaves and roots used as medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin Linn. on gastric ulcers. The effect was evaluated in ibuprofen, alcohol and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer models. The extract was administered orally at three different doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. The antiulcer activity was accessed in rats by comparing the ulcer index in the test group with that of the control (distilled water) and standard (omeprazole, misoprostol) groups. The involvements of endogenous nitric oxide, prostaglandins and non-protein sulfhydryl groups in the cytoprotective action of Spondias mombin L. were also investigated. The extract showed a significant (p<0.05, p<0.01, p< 0.001) antisecretory and gastric cytoprotective effects in pylorus ligation, alcohol and ibuprofen-induced ulcer model respectively. Antioxidant analysis showed significant scavenging of free radical using nitric oxide, reducing power activity and DPPH assay. Spondias mombin L. showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, reducing sugar, cardiac glycosides and terpenes. The experiment suggests a possible participation of NO synthase and NP-SH pathways in the gastroprotective effect of Spondias mombin.

A review on anti-peptic ulcer activities of medicinal plants used in the formulation of Enterica, Dyspepsia and NPK 500 capsules

“…The anti-peptic ulcer activity of all these compounds when further investigated may help to confirm its use in peptic ulcer disease remedies in addition to providing basis for anti-peptic ulcer synthetic agents. The anti-peptic ulcer activity of the aqueous leaf extract of S. mombin using ibuprofen, alcohol and pylorus ligation induced ulcer animal models as well as its acute toxicity has been reported by Oluwatoyin and Deborah [ 143 ]. Oral delivery of leaf extract of S. mombin at dosage quantities of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg produced a non-dose dependent antiulcer activity with 200 mg/kg producing the highest percentage protection (90.60%) followed by 50 mg/kg which produced similar percentage protection as misoprostol (81.30% each).…”

“…Oral acute toxicity test demonstrated no mortality or toxic symptoms up to quantities of 4000 mg/kg. However, lethal dose through the intraperitoneal route was found to be 707.107 mg/kg [ 143 ].…”

“… Rutaceae Leaves 1C [ 146 ], 2A [ 158 ] and 4A [ 147 ] 1D, 2B and 4B Rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol and β sitosterol [ 74 , 75 ] Spondias mombin Linn. Anacardiaceae Leaves and fruits 1A, 2A [ 134 , 135 ] 1B, 4A and 5A [ 143 ] 1D, 2B, 4B and 5B Gallic and ellagic acid [ 134 , 135 ] Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae Whole plants 1A, 4A [ 179 , 180 ] and 5A [ 179 ] 1D, 4B and 5B 2,4-dihydroychalcone [ 171 ] Dyspepsia FDA Reg. No:/HD1.…”

Phytopharmacological Activities of Spondias mombinLinn: A Review

“…49 A study by Oluwatosin and Deborah indicated that leaf extract of S. mombin L. has antiulcer property as compared with standard drugs, showing protective effect on gastric mucosa in models of ibuprofen and alcohol-induced ulcer and an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion in the pylorus-ligated models. 50 The study suggested several potential pathways for S. mombin L. cytoprotective activity to include the nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways.…”