Study of an energy-integrated biodiesel production process using supercritical methanol and a low-cost feedstock

Manuale, Débora Laura; Torres, Gerardo; Vera, Carlos Román; Yori, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.08.026

Cited by 32 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…They were performed using a discontinuous autoclave reactor of small volume, as previously described. − Extracts obtained by extraction of the petroleum crude with methanol were used for the reaction. In a typical experiment, the extract was put in the reactor, filling it almost completely.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a process point of view, it has the advantage that it is scalable to any scale of production and is easily implemented. Major drawbacks in comparison to catalytic esterification are the high temperature and pressure levels involved and the need for efficient heat-recovery schemes. − In this report, the esters obtained in the supercritical reactor are characterized to check their quality as a fuel according to known standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Solvent Extraction and Noncatalytic Esterification for the Treatment of Acidic Feedstocks

et al. 2020

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The possibility of directly feeding the extract of a liquid−liquid extraction unit to a chemical reactor is analyzed. An example of extraction and noncatalytic esterification of naphthenic acids from acid petroleum crudes is used. Methanol is used both as a solvent and as a reactant. Separate tests of extraction and reaction are performed, and the performance of an integrated process is deduced by computer simulation. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the extraction of naphthenic acids from an acid crude were determined. A partition coefficient of m = 0.66 at 60 °C between the alcoholic and petroleum phases was found. Three successive batch extractions with a 1:1 v/v ratio reduced the acidity from 4.3 to about 1.1 mg KOH g −1 . Naphthenic acid concentrates were reacted with supercritical methanol in a batch reactor at high temperatures (280 °C), yielding naphthenic esters. Reaction of 1−2 h with methanol-to-oil molar ratios of 3−6 yielded 92−96% conversion because of a relatively low value of the equilibrium constant. Total conversion could, however, be achieved with the highly diluted extracts. Simulations were run using three countercurrent mixer−settlers and a noncatalytic reactor. The results indicated that extraction/supercritical esterification is a convenient pretreatment step of acidic feedstocks because of its simplicity, the good quality of the deacidified feedstock (acidity <0.5 mg KOH g −1 ), the total removal of the acids, and the good properties of the ester product as a fuel additive. Characterization of the methyl naphthenate product showed that it had a lower viscosity than the crude or the naphthenic acids; a high flash point; and total miscibility in gasoline, kerosene, and diesel. These and other properties showed that it could be sent to the diesel or fuel oil pools. 46 extraction does not act as a reagent but it is a suitable solvent 47 for carrying out a reaction on the solute with good activity and 48 selectivity to the desired product. These two requirements add 49 to other requirements for choosing a suitable solvent for 50 extraction. These have been extensively reviewed in the 51 literature 4−6 and can be summarized as follows: (a) a high 52 solubility for the solute and low solubility for the feed; (b) a 53 density difference with the feed, higher than 0.15 g cm −3 ; (c) a 54 medium value of surface tension (5−30 dyne cm −1 ); (d) a high 55 resistance to thermal degradation if solvent regeneration by 56 evaporation is used; and (e) a low viscosity for ease of 57 handling. 58 Noncatalytic esterification is a brute-force method making 59 use of the nucleophilic reactive properties of supercritical 60 alcohols. From a process point of view, it has the advantage 61 that it is scalable to any scale of production and is easily 62 implemented. Major drawbacks in comparison to catalytic 63 esterification are the high temperature and pressure levels 64 involved and the need for efficient heat-recovery schemes. 7−10 65 In this report, the esters obtained in the supercritical reactor

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Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Solvent Extraction and Noncatalytic Esterification for the Treatment of Acidic Feedstocks

et al. 2020

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“…Normally, biodiesel is produced via a transesterification reaction using a homogenous alkaline catalyst. This process has several advantages such as short reaction time, high conversion and low catalyst use [7]. However, the FFA and water content in low grade oil causes soap formation during transesterification reaction catalysed by homogeneous alkaline catalyst.…”

Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel process for biodiesel production from sludge palm oil

2019

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“…The conventional catalyst commonly used to produce methyl esters is homogeneous (one phase and soluble in methanol). Homogeneous catalysts have several advantages, including reacting quickly, high conversion values, and using few catalysts (Manuale et al, 2015). However, the resulting methyl ester is challenging to separate from the catalyst, so the catalyst cannot be reused and produces large amounts of water waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Optimum Conditions for Synthesis of Methyl Ester from Bleached Crude Palm Oil Using Sn-Zeolite and Red Mud Catalysts

Amelyanti,

Usman,

Rahmalia

2023

J. Presipitasi

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Methyl esters synthesis from bleached crude palm oil (BCPO) containing 0.36 and 20.86% of free fatty acids using Sn-zeolite and red mud has been done. This study aims to determine the esterification, transesterification, and transesterification-esterification simultaneous reactions optimum conditions when using Sn-zeolite, red mud, and Sn-zeolite-red mud mixture catalysts. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis results show that Sn has been impregnated on zeolite, indicated by cassiterite and Sn-O-Sn vibrational peaks in Sn-zeolite. The main component of red mud is NaCO3, indicated by analcite and carbonate peaks. Thin-layer chromatography results in the transesterification showed that red mud catalyst could totally convert triglycerides from BCPO to methyl ester when 5% catalyst, 3 hours, and CPO:methanol mole ratio 1:20 were used. In esterification, Sn-zeolite can synthesize methyl ester from low-quality CPO when using CPO:methanol mole ratio 1:20 for 3 hours, however, the conversion was not total. In the transesterification-esterification simultaneous, the conversion was also not total which the best reaction conditions at mixing Sn-zeolite:red mud 1.5:1 (w/w), 7% catalyst, and CPO:methanol mole ratio 1:20 for 3 hours. This study shows that esterification and transesterification processes can be carried out simultaneously at a particular mass ratio of Sn-zeolite and red mud.

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Study of an energy-integrated biodiesel production process using supercritical methanol and a low-cost feedstock

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Integration of Solvent Extraction and Noncatalytic Esterification for the Treatment of Acidic Feedstocks

Integration of Solvent Extraction and Noncatalytic Esterification for the Treatment of Acidic Feedstocks

A novel process for biodiesel production from sludge palm oil

Determination of Optimum Conditions for Synthesis of Methyl Ester from Bleached Crude Palm Oil Using Sn-Zeolite and Red Mud Catalysts

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