Study in reduction-roast leaching manganese from low-grade manganese dioxide ores using cornstalk as reductant

Cheng, Zhuo; Zhu, Guchuan; Zhao, Yongxing

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.08.004

Cited by 130 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The objective of this stage of the process is reducing MnO 2 in presence of a reductant agent, SO 2 (g) (other reducing reagents have been used in treating manganese ores, such as oxalic acid, hydrogen peroxide and glucose [15], cornstalk [16], phenols [17], cane molasses [19], CaS [20], carbon [23] or waste tea [34]) and obtaining a solution of MnSO 4 (aq) to be sent to the neutralization stage, and then to electrolysis. The mixed leaching allows for recovering almost all of the manganese of the anodic lodes and scrapings (95% is supposed in the calculations).…”

Section: Sulphation At Low Temperature (50 • C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of processes to recover low-grade manganese ores and other secondary sources has taken emphasis in the last decades as the manganese demand has grown rapidly [12,13], and the depletion of high manganese ore sources. Several processes have been studied to recover low grade manganese ores (20-30% Mn) by using different methods: leaching of manganese carbonate in ammonium sulfate solution [14]; recovery of manganese from electric arc furnace dust of ferromanganese by using sulfuric acid as leaching agent, and oxalic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and glucose as reducing reagents [15]; reduction-roasting of low-grade manganese dioxide ores by using sulfuric acid as leaching solvent and cornstalk as reducing reagent [16]; sulfuric acid leaching of ocean manganese nodules using phenols as reducing agents [17]; sulfur-based reduction roasting-acid leaching of low-grade manganese oxide ores [18]; reductive leaching of low-grade manganese ores, using cane molasses as reducing reagent and sulfuric acid as solvent [19]; reduction-acid leaching of low grade manganese ores using CaS as reductant [20]; recovery of manganese from spent batteries [21]; reuse of anode slime from the zinc electrolysis [22]; and, recovering manganese from treated sludge of the exhaust gases of ferroalloy production furnaces [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anodic Lodes and Scrapings as a Source of Electrolytic Manganese

González

Sancho-Gorostiaga

Piñuela-Noval

et al. 2018

Metals

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Abstract:Manganese is an element of interest in metallurgy, especially in ironmaking and steel making, but also in copper and aluminum industries. The depletion of manganese high grade sources and the environmental awareness have led to search for new manganese sources, such as wastes/by-products of other metallurgies. In this way, we propose the recovery of manganese from anodic lodes and scrapings of the zinc electrolysis process because of their high Mn content (>30%). The proposed process is based on a mixed leaching: a lixiviation-neutralization at low temperature (50 • C, reached due to the exothermic reactions involved in the process) and a lixiviation with sulfuric acid at high temperature (150-200 • C, in heated reactor). The obtained solution after the combined process is mainly composed by manganese sulphate. This solution is then neutralized with CaO (or manganese carbonate) as a first purification stage, removing H 2 SO 4 and those impurities that are easily removable by controlling pH. Then, the purification of nobler elements than manganese is performed by their precipitation as sulphides. The purified solution is sent to electrolysis where electrolytic manganese is obtained (99.9% Mn). The versatility of the proposed process allows for obtaining electrolytic manganese, oxide of manganese (IV), oxide of manganese (II), or manganese sulphate.

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Section: Sulphation At Low Temperature (50 • C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic Lodes and Scrapings as a Source of Electrolytic Manganese

González

Sancho-Gorostiaga

Piñuela-Noval

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…Only poor targets could be achieved for the high similarity in density and magnetic susceptibility of manganese and iron minerals. Additionally, their extremely fine, but intergrowth occurrence state, also obstructs the effective beneficiation [10][11][12]. Reduction-leaching processes are proposed to recover manganese from manganese oxide ores [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbothermic Reduction of Ferruginous Manganese Ore for Mn/Fe Beneficiation: Morphology Evolution and Separation Characteristic

Huang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Minerals

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Abstract:In the present paper, beneficiation of Fe and Mn elements from a ferruginous manganese ore via carbothermic reduction followed by magnetic separation process was investigated in detail. The effects of the experimental parameters were systematically discussed. Iron-rich products with an Fe grade of 62.3% and 88.2% of Fe recovery, and manganese-rich product with a Mn grade of 63.7% of and 70.4% of Mn recovery were obtained, respectively, at an optimal temperature of 1100 • C, with a roasting time of 100 min, anthracite addition of 25%, milling fineness of 90% passing 0.074 mm, and a magnetic intensity of 140 A/m. Furthermore, the morphology evolution and phase transformation laws along with reduction process were revealed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical phase analysis. The results demonstrated that the ferruginous manganese ore reduction can be described as follows: plate-like Fe-Mn symbiotic phase decomposition → granular MnO phase formation → fine metallic iron formation → aggregation of metallic iron → boundary development between Fe and Mn phases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The results have shown that these biomass wastes can reduce manganese oxide of the ore at temperatures below 600 °C with a degree of reduction of more than 95 %. For example, Cheng et al 8 has reported that low-grade manganese dioxide ores can be totally reduced by biomass cornstalk at 500 °C. Yang 11 and Long 9 found that low-grade pyrolusite can be reduced Moreover, biomass reduction is a zero emission processes, because the amount of CO 2 released during the reduction process is equal to that absorbed during biomass growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overall Reduction Kinetics of Low-grade Pyrolusite Using a Mixture of Hemicellulose and Lignin as Reductant

Long

et al. 2015

Kem. Ind.

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Manganese is widely used in many fields. Many efforts have been made to recover manganese from low-grade pyrolusite due to the depletion of high-grade manganese ore. Thus, it is of practical significance to develop a clean, energy-saving and environmentally friendly technical route to reduce the low-grade pyrolusite. The reported results show that biomass wastes from crops, crop waste, wood and wood waste are environmentally friendly, energy-saving, and low-cost reducing agents for roasting reduction of low-grade pyrolusite. Kinetics of the reduction reactions is necessary for an efficient design of biomass reduction of pyrolusite. Therefore, it is important to look for a general kinetics equation to describe the reduction of pyrolusite by different kinds of biomass, because there is a wide variety of biomass wastes, meaning that it is impossible to investigate the kinetics for each biomass waste. In this paper, thermal gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis were applied to study the overall reduction kinetics of pyrolusite using a mixture of hemicellulose and lignin, two major components of biomass. Overall reduction process is the overlap of the respective reduction processes. A new empirical equation based on the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation can be used to describe the respective reduction kinetics using hemicellulose and lignin as reductants, and the corresponding apparent activation energy is 30.14 kJ mol −1 and 38.91 kJ mol −1 , respectively. The overall kinetic model for the reduction of pyrolusite by the mixture of hemicellulose and lignin can be simulated by the summation of the respective kinetics by considering their mass-loss fractions, while a unit step function was used to avoid the invalid conversion data. The obtained results in this work are necessary to understand the biomass reduction of pyrolusite and provide valuable assistance in the development of a general kinetics equation.

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Study in reduction-roast leaching manganese from low-grade manganese dioxide ores using cornstalk as reductant

Cited by 130 publications

References 15 publications

Anodic Lodes and Scrapings as a Source of Electrolytic Manganese

Anodic Lodes and Scrapings as a Source of Electrolytic Manganese

Carbothermic Reduction of Ferruginous Manganese Ore for Mn/Fe Beneficiation: Morphology Evolution and Separation Characteristic

Overall Reduction Kinetics of Low-grade Pyrolusite Using a Mixture of Hemicellulose and Lignin as Reductant

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