Studies on the uptake of creatine from sea water by the marine annelid, Glycera dibranchiata

Evolutionary History of the GABA Transporter (GAT) Group Revealed by Marine Invertebrate GAT-1

“…The CT1 gene has not been cloned in protostomes thus far, and the vertebrate-type TAUT genes have not been found in protostomes. However, creatine, a major substrate of CT1 is present in protostomes and actively transported from seawater [ 33 ]. Possibly, just one protein plays a role in transporting both taurine and creatine in protostomes.…”

Evolutionary History of the GABA Transporter (GAT) Group Revealed by Marine Invertebrate GAT-1

“…The CT1 gene has not been cloned in protostomes thus far, and the vertebrate-type TAUT genes have not been found in protostomes. However, creatine, a major substrate of CT1 is present in protostomes and actively transported from seawater [ 33 ]. Possibly, just one protein plays a role in transporting both taurine and creatine in protostomes.…”

Nutrient Absorption in Invertebrates

“…Testerman (449) reported that long‐chain fatty acids are accumulated by Stauronereis rudolphi by saturable processes, with J max values ranging from 0.02 to 0.18 μmol · g −1 · h −1 and K t values from 1 μ M to 20 μ M . Creatine is transported by the body wall of G. dibranchiata , with a J max of 0.3 μmol · g −1 · h −1 and a K t of 37 μ M (471), and although uptake is inhibited by several amino acids (for example, glycine and glutamine), the interaction is noncompetitive in nature.…”

“…Specific carrier-mediated pathways for sugars have also been found to be broadly distributed-for example, bivalves (58,319), coelenterates (380), and polychaetes (19,28). Other compounds for which integumental uptake has been reported include fatty acids (84,449) and creatinine (470).…”

Characterization of AGAT, GAMT and CT1 in amphioxus: implications for the evolutionary conservation of creatine metabolism related molecules at the invertebrate-to-vertebrate transition

“…With the genomic sequencing project completed, AGAT, GAMT, and CT1 have been investigated in human (Isbrandt and von Figura 1995;Chae et al 1998), other diverse vertebrates such as rat Braissant et al 2005), mouse (Lee et al 1994;Torremans et al 2005), Xenopus (Zhao et al 2001), and zebrafish ) as well as invertebrate tunicate (Roche et al 1957;Robin 1964;Van Pilsum et al 1972;Van Pilsum et al 1975;DeLigio and Ellington 2006). So far, Cr biosynthesis and transport have been established, which are important to the physiology, human pathology, and clinical diagnosis (Wyss and Kaddurah-Daouk 2000;Ellington and Suzuki 2007).…”

Evolutionary History of the GABA Transporter (GAT) Group Revealed by Marine Invertebrate GAT-1

“…The CT1 gene has not been cloned in protostomes thus far, and the vertebrate-type TAUT genes have not been found in protostomes. However, creatine, a major substrate of CT1 is present in protostomes and actively transported from seawater [ 33 ]. Possibly, just one protein plays a role in transporting both taurine and creatine in protostomes.…”

Nutrient Absorption in Invertebrates

“…Testerman (449) reported that long‐chain fatty acids are accumulated by Stauronereis rudolphi by saturable processes, with J max values ranging from 0.02 to 0.18 μmol · g −1 · h −1 and K t values from 1 μ M to 20 μ M . Creatine is transported by the body wall of G. dibranchiata , with a J max of 0.3 μmol · g −1 · h −1 and a K t of 37 μ M (471), and although uptake is inhibited by several amino acids (for example, glycine and glutamine), the interaction is noncompetitive in nature.…”

“…Specific carrier-mediated pathways for sugars have also been found to be broadly distributed-for example, bivalves (58,319), coelenterates (380), and polychaetes (19,28). Other compounds for which integumental uptake has been reported include fatty acids (84,449) and creatinine (470).…”

Characterization of AGAT, GAMT and CT1 in amphioxus: implications for the evolutionary conservation of creatine metabolism related molecules at the invertebrate-to-vertebrate transition

“…With the genomic sequencing project completed, AGAT, GAMT, and CT1 have been investigated in human (Isbrandt and von Figura 1995;Chae et al 1998), other diverse vertebrates such as rat Braissant et al 2005), mouse (Lee et al 1994;Torremans et al 2005), Xenopus (Zhao et al 2001), and zebrafish ) as well as invertebrate tunicate (Roche et al 1957;Robin 1964;Van Pilsum et al 1972;Van Pilsum et al 1975;DeLigio and Ellington 2006). So far, Cr biosynthesis and transport have been established, which are important to the physiology, human pathology, and clinical diagnosis (Wyss and Kaddurah-Daouk 2000;Ellington and Suzuki 2007).…”

Evolutionary History of the GABA Transporter (GAT) Group Revealed by Marine Invertebrate GAT-1

“…The CT1 gene has not been cloned in protostomes thus far, and the vertebrate-type TAUT genes have not been found in protostomes. However, creatine, a major substrate of CT1 is present in protostomes and actively transported from seawater [ 33 ]. Possibly, just one protein plays a role in transporting both taurine and creatine in protostomes.…”

Nutrient Absorption in Invertebrates

“…Testerman (449) reported that long‐chain fatty acids are accumulated by Stauronereis rudolphi by saturable processes, with J max values ranging from 0.02 to 0.18 μmol · g −1 · h −1 and K t values from 1 μ M to 20 μ M . Creatine is transported by the body wall of G. dibranchiata , with a J max of 0.3 μmol · g −1 · h −1 and a K t of 37 μ M (471), and although uptake is inhibited by several amino acids (for example, glycine and glutamine), the interaction is noncompetitive in nature.…”

“…Specific carrier-mediated pathways for sugars have also been found to be broadly distributed-for example, bivalves (58,319), coelenterates (380), and polychaetes (19,28). Other compounds for which integumental uptake has been reported include fatty acids (84,449) and creatinine (470).…”

Characterization of AGAT, GAMT and CT1 in amphioxus: implications for the evolutionary conservation of creatine metabolism related molecules at the invertebrate-to-vertebrate transition

“…With the genomic sequencing project completed, AGAT, GAMT, and CT1 have been investigated in human (Isbrandt and von Figura 1995;Chae et al 1998), other diverse vertebrates such as rat Braissant et al 2005), mouse (Lee et al 1994;Torremans et al 2005), Xenopus (Zhao et al 2001), and zebrafish ) as well as invertebrate tunicate (Roche et al 1957;Robin 1964;Van Pilsum et al 1972;Van Pilsum et al 1975;DeLigio and Ellington 2006). So far, Cr biosynthesis and transport have been established, which are important to the physiology, human pathology, and clinical diagnosis (Wyss and Kaddurah-Daouk 2000;Ellington and Suzuki 2007).…”