Studies on the magnetic water treatment in new pilot scale drinking water system and in old existing real-life water system

Bacterial community changes in copper and PEX drinking water pipeline biofilms under extra disinfection and magnetic water treatment

“…In an earlier study on material samples taken at the same time, we found that magnetic water treatment affected scale and oxidation product formation in copper pipes making it probably less compact by magnetic exposure (Latva et al . ). In the present study, while active or total biomass in water or biofilms were not greatly affected by magnetic water treatment, the treatment seemed to have a minor effect on biofilm microbial community in the copper pipeline: most abundant bacteria profiles and beta diversity in the rRNA library were differed from control biofilms (e.g.…”

“…Schematic representation of the pilot scale water distribution network is further described in Latva et al . ().…”

“…Each pipe loop consisted of an 11 m long water pipe that incorporated water sampling taps and five pipe collectors (detachable pieces of pipe). Schematic representation of the pilot scale water distribution network is further described in Latva et al (2016).…”

“…Magnetic water treatment devices are widely used in water systems to prevent scale formation and to detach already formed scales (Latva et al . ) to improve heat transfer in hot water systems, prevent corrosion and clogging of pipes. Only few studies have suggested magnetic field effects on bacteria such as E. coli (Ji et al .…”

“…Chlorine is a commonly used disinfectant in drinking water systems due to its prolonged efficiency, including long water stagnation periods; recently NGS techniques were used to examine the effects of disinfection on microbial communities (Chiao et al 2014;Wang et al 2014). Magnetic water treatment devices are widely used in water systems to prevent scale formation and to detach already formed scales (Latva et al 2016) to improve heat transfer in hot water systems, prevent corrosion and clogging of pipes. Only few studies have suggested magnetic field effects on bacteria such as E. coli (Ji et al 2009).…”