Studies on the Effects of Human Growth Hormone in Premature Infants*

Ducharmf, Jacques R.; Grumbach, Melvin M.

doi:10.1172/jci104250

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…When used in the newborn infant for the treatment of apnea, caffeine may induce an increase in blood glucose (22) as does theophylline (4, 3 I), another methylxanthine that can be methylated into caffeine in the newborn (9). It is possible that caffeine-induced increase in G H may play a role in the elevation of blood glucose; however, exogenous GH has been reported to fail to induce major metabolic changes in early infancy (14). Conversely, hyperglycemia has been shown to have a paradoxical positive effect on GH secretion in the newborn infant up to 10 days of life (lo), and might participate in the increase in GH after caffeine.…”

Section: H Experiments a Decrease In Plasma Tconcentration Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Caffeine on Thyroid and Pituitary Function in Newborn Rats

et al. 1983

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SummaryThe possibility that caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant used in neonatal apnea, may produce acute or chronic changes in growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH) was studied in the newborn rat. Five-day-old rats were separated into three groups: control (0) group receiving saline, Group I (low dose caffeine) receiving 5 mg/kg and Group I1 (high dose caffeine) receiving 50 mg/kg. Acute effects were studied at 2, 4, and 24 h after injection. Chronic effects were studied 24 h after the last of 10 daily injections. GH, T4, and TSH were measured by radioimmunoassay and caffeine by high pressure liquid chromatograph. GH was increased at all times and all doses after a single injection of caffeine. After chronic therapy, the increase in GH was small, suggesting depletion of pituitary reserve. A high dose of caffeine had a biphasic effect on T4 with an increase at 4 h and a decrease at 24 h. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced TSH release at 24 h was not influenced by caffeine administration. Chronic caffeine therapy stimulated both T4 and TSH; however, TRH-stimulated TSH release was decreased, suggesting that chronic therapy may blunt pituitary TSH response. AbbreviationsGH, growth hormone PDE, phosphodiesterase T3, triiodothyronine T4, thyroxine TRH, thyrotropin releasing hormone TSH, thyrotropinBesides the stimulant effect of the methylxanthines on the central nervous system and on cardiac inotropy and chronotropy, these compounds exert a variety of hormonal and metabolic effects. The administration of two methylxanthines, caffeine and theophylline, to adult rats results in decreased GH, TSH, TQ and thyroxine T4 serum levels (29). But in in vitro isolated organ preparations, caffeine increases T4 (3) and TSH (28) ) did not find any modification in basal GH after aminophylline, whereas, Ensinck et al. (17) described a decrease in GH serum level. After a low dose of oral caffeine given to adult healthy men, neither GH, TSH nor Tg were modified (30). Because caffeine is currently used in the premature neonate for the treatment of apnea, we evaluated the changes in GH, T4, and TSH after caffeine in the newborn rat. MATERIALS AND METHODSFive-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from the Canadian Breeding Farm, St. Constant, Quebec. Two sets of experiments were respectively designed to evaluate the acute and the chronic effects of caffeine. Each set used three groups: a control group, which received saline; a low dose caffeine group, which received 5 mg/kg of caffeine dissolved in saline; and a high dose caffeine group, which received 50 mg/kg. Caffeine (37) or saline was injected intraperitoneally in a volume of 0.05 ml/rat. Each group consisted of 30-35 rats. In the acute experiment, the animals were sacrificed at various time intervals after a single injection of saline or caffeine: 2, 4, and 24 h. In the chronic experiment, animals were injected daily for a 10 day period. They were sacrificed 24 h after the last injection. The rat pups were kept with their suckling mot...

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Section: H Experiments a Decrease In Plasma Tconcentration Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Caffeine on Thyroid and Pituitary Function in Newborn Rats

et al. 1983

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“…GH and fetal somatic growth. The weight of evidence suggests that fetal somatic growth is not dependent on fetal GH (13,(301)(302)(303)(304)(305)(306)(307)(308)(309).…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroendocrine Regulation and Function of Growth Hormone and Prolactin in the Mammalian Fetus*

1981

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“…The failure of TP to affect weight gain, rate of growth or rate of skeletal maturation in nursing rats may be explained by their age and by the length of the treatment period. The rate of growth in infancy is so rapid that anabolic agents (25), including growth hormone (26), cause no further nitrogen retention and would be expected to affect the weight gain only if fluid retention were accentuated or if intake were decreased. The absence of an effect on skeletal maturation in animals of their age, previously reported by Noback et al (27), could be a reflection of the period of time required for a maturing effect on cartilage to be reflected in ossification (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%