Studies on the Desulfurization of Petroleum Coke by Organorefining and Other Chemical and Biochemical Techniques Under Milder Ambient Pressure Conditions

Abstract

Petroleum coke (petcoke) is an inexpensive potential fuel. However, its use has been limited because of the low volatile content and high sulfur contents. Moreover, research work has been extended for reducing the sulfur contents in petcoke. However, there is still no commercially established process of desulfurization of petcoke. Studies have been extended on the desulfurization of two petcoke samples. Interesting results were obtained by employing the techniques such as organorefining; that is, solvent extraction using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone containing small amounts of ethylenediamine, morpholine, ethylenediamine, and other solvents. Acids and alkalis were also used for the desulfurization of petcoke. Biodesulfurization using Pantoea agglomerans D23W3 and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans showed interesting results. The present work also resulted in the development of some integrated processes of desulfurization of petcoke.

Extractive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel with Three-Body NMP/BEN/H2O Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…However, compared with ILs, DESs also have the advantages of a simple preparation process, cheap raw materials and easy availability, nontoxicity, and easy biodegradation. It is widely used in electrochemistry, , gas absorption, − synthesis of nanomaterials, − and drug release. , As an organic solvent, NMP is widely used in aromatic extraction, − lubricating oil antifreeze, extraction desulfurization of syngas and fuel oil, − etc. However, the application of DESs formed by its synthesis with BEN in EDS of fuel oil has rarely been reported, and the application of DESs in extractive desulfurization of fuel oil is currently limited to two-body low eutectic solvents.…”

Insight into the oxidative desulfurization of high-sulfur petroleum coke under mild conditions: a journey of vanadium-substituted Dawson-type phosphotungstic acid

“…According to the composition of the crude oil and coking process, the type of sulfur in HSPC could be categorized into organic sulfur (> 99.8%) and inorganic sulfur (Zhong et al 2018a), in which thiophene derivatives are the most popular organic sulfur and mainly attached to the aromatic carbon skeleton and the branch of paraffin on the surface of Edited by Xiu-Qiu Peng the aromatic ring (Zhao et al 2018;Li et al 2019a). Currently, the desulfurization methods for HSPC include the calcination method, vacuum calcination (Chen et al 2017;Ishihara et al 2005;Xiao et al 2016), hot alkali calcination (Agarwal, Sharma 2011), hydrodesulfurization and catalytic oxidative desulfurization method (Ganiyu et al 2017;Toledo-Antonio et al 2017). Among them, catalytic oxidative desulfurization strategy has shown attracted extensive attention due to its low cost and high efficiency, and the highly efficient catalyst is recognized to be the crucial factor influencing the desulfurization performance of this process.…”

Nitric Acid Functionalization of Petroleum Coke to Access Inherent Sulfur

“…Sulfur, in particular, is a problematic contaminant, can be present in amounts of~7 wt%, and exists as both inorganic (e.g., sulfur salts) and organic forms (e.g., thiophene) [3]. Many studies have focused on the removal of sulfur from petcoke [4][5][6][7], but the organic sulfur species are integrated with the petcoke aliphatic or aromatic structure and are difficult to remove [3]. Instead of removing the sulfur, there is potential to use petcoke as a precursor for preparing carbon-based catalysts such as solid acid catalysts that have sulfur-containing surface functional groups as active sites.…”