Studies on prevalence, risk indicators and control options for tick infestation in ruminants

Asmaa, Nady M.; El-Bably, M. A.; Shokier, Khalied A.

doi:10.1016/j.bjbas.2014.02.009

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Larvae of ticks are known to climb blades of grasses and shrubs to attach themselves to passing hosts mostly males during grazing (Soulsby, 1982). However, it is not in agreement with the works of Asmaa et al (2014), Rony et al (2010) and Sarkar (2007) where both reported a significantly higher prevalence of ectoparasitic infestations in female than the male cattle. Infestation rate was higher in younger animals aged ≤ 3 years and the lowest was seen in older animals aged > 7 years (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…This finding is in agreement with the work by Opara and Ezeh (2011) in Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria who found that ticks infesting cattle in this area prefer to attach and feed on inner thighs, dew lap, abdomen, legs, udder, dorsum, ear and hump in this order. Asmaa et al (2014) also reported that udders and external genitalia were the most tick -infested sites (70.7% each) followed by neck & chest (63.0% each), inner thighs (61.1%), perineum (41.7%), ears (14.6%) and around eyes (11.7%). Atif et al (2012) in the same vein reported that the perineum, udder and external genitalia (98%) were the most tick infested sites in cattle followed by dewlap (92%), inner thighs (90%), neck & back (54%), tail (26%), ears (13%), around eyes (10%), flanks (4%) and legs (2%) in this order of infestation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Prevalence of Tick Infestation in Different Breeds of Cattle in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

Musa

Jajere

Adamu

et al. 2014

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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A survey study was conducted from June to December 2009 using standard parasitological procedures to determine the prevalence of tick infestation among cattle of different breeds in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. The tick species identified were Boophilus microplus, Amblyomma variegatum, Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus sanguineous and Ornithodorus spp. Of the 205 cattle examined, 63.4% (95% CI: 56.8 -70.0) were tick infested. Males had a non -significantly (P > 0.05) higher infestation rate of 63.4% (56.7 -71.7) compared with the females 60.9% (46.8 -75.0). Younger animals aged ≤ 3 years had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher prevalence of 85.4% (74.6 -96.2) as compared with the adults aged > 3 -7 years 55.8% (46.3 -65.3) and older animals > 7 years 35.0% (22.9 -47.1). Among breeds, Wadara and Kuri had significantly (P < 0.05) higher infestation rates of 66.1% (57.9 -74.3) and 66.7% (13.4 -120.0) respectively. Gudali had 60.9% (41.0 -80.8), Rahaji 58.0% (44.3 -71.7) and Bunaji 50. 0% (19.3 -119.3). Based on the predilection sites, the udder and external genitalia, inner thigh and under the tail/perineum were the most tick-infested sites with 84.3% (78.3 -88.5), 79.0% (73.4 -84.6) and 69.8% (63.5 -76.1) respectively (P < 0.05). While the less preferred sites eyes, neck/dewlap, ears and all over the body each had prevalence of 26. 3% (20.3 -32.3), 14.6% (9.8 -1.4), 12.2% (7.7 -16.7) and 11.2% (6.9 -15.5) respectively. This study reveals high prevalence of tick infestation among indigenous cattle in Maiduguri. This might hamper cattle production and productivity in Nigeria. Thus, it is recommended that appropriate control strategies be instituted to control ticks in the study area.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prevalence of Tick Infestation in Different Breeds of Cattle in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

Musa

Jajere

Adamu

et al. 2014

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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“…Higher tick infestation in exotic breeds as compared to indigenous cattle has also been reported in Argentina [56], Ethiopia [57] and Egypt [14]. Resistance to one-host ticks, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Distribution of ticks infesting ruminants and risk factors associated with high tick prevalence in livestock farms in the semi-arid and arid agro-ecological zones of Pakistan

et al. 2017

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BackgroundTick infestation is the major problem for animal health that causes substantial economic losses, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. To better understand the spatial distribution of tick species and risk factors associated with tick prevalence in livestock in Pakistan, ticks were counted and collected from 471 animals, including 179 cattle, 194 buffaloes, 80 goats and 18 sheep, on 108 livestock farms in nine districts, covering both semi-arid and arid agro-ecological zones.ResultsIn total, 3,807 ticks representing four species were collected: Hyalomma anatolicum (n = 3,021), Rhipicephalus microplus (n = 715), Hyalomma dromedarii (n = 41) and Rhipicephalus turanicus (n = 30). The latter species is reported for the first time from the study area. Rhipicephalus microplus was the predominant species in the semi-arid zone, whereas H. anatolicum was the most abundant species in the arid zone. The overall proportion of tick-infested ruminants was 78.3% (369/471). It was highest in cattle (89.9%), followed by buffaloes (81.4%), goats (60.0%) and sheep (11.1%). The median tick burden significantly differed among animal species and was highest in cattle (median 58), followed by buffaloes (median 38), goats (median 19) and sheep (median 4.5). Female animals had significantly higher tick burdens than males and, in large ruminants, older animals carried more ticks than younger animals. The intensity of infestation was significantly lower in indigenous animals compared to exotic and crossbred cows. Analysis of questionnaire data revealed that the absence of rural poultry, not using any acaricides, traditional rural housing systems and grazing were potential risk factors associated with a higher tick prevalence in livestock farms.ConclusionAbsence of rural poultry, not performing acaricide treatments, traditional rural housing systems and grazing were important risk factors associated with higher tick prevalence in livestock farms. Age, gender, breed and animal species significantly affected the intensity of tick infestation. This report also describes the presence of R. turanicus in the Punjab Province of Pakistan for the first time. The outcomes of this study will be useful in the planning of integrated control strategies for ticks and tick-borne diseases in Pakistan.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2138-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…But, very little research was done on tick taxonomy and tick infestation (Sajid et al, 2008(Sajid et al, , 2009Ali et al, 2016). Several factors such as species, age, sex, season, breed, photoperiod and management are responsible to influence the receptiveness and resistance of animals to tick infestation (Asmaa et al, 2014). Cracks and crevices in the floor and walls of animal shed, animal tethering and grazing were found bonded with a greater level of tick incidence (Iqbal et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Tick Infestation in Farm Animals from Punjab, Pakistan

Batool¹

2019

PVJ

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Ticks are the second to mosquitoes as vectors of a number of pathogens like viruses, spirochetes, bacteria, rickettsia, protozoa and filarial nematodes etc. that cause mortality in humans and animals. So, this study was carried out to check the prevalence of ticks in Punjab, Pakistan. The total 120 livestock farms were randomly selected from 12 districts of Punjab, 10 farms (05 urban and 05 rural) from each district. Tick species were collected systematically from head to tail directions with the help of small steel forceps. Then tick samples were taken to the research laboratory and were preserved in 70% methanol for identification. On the basis of morphology, the collected ticks were distinguished microscopically with the help of the dichotomous key. The prevalence of ticks was significantly less in the Northern zone (33.47%) as compared to the Southern (36.33%), Western (35.83%) and Central zones (40.43%). The total nine tick species i.e. Hylomma (Hy.) anatolicum (26.39%), Hy. marginatum (14.51%), Hy. dromedarii (5.62%), Hy. truncatum (2.45%), Hy. rufipes (1.81%), Rhipicephalus (Rh.) sanguineus (17.24%), Rh. appendiculatus (12.39%), Rh. microplus (14.24%) and Rh. decolratus (5.35%) were identified. In all selected zones, Hy. anatolicum was the most abundant tick's species. The overall prevalence of ticks infestation in all animals were 36.52% and it was significantly different in all animal species, like buffaloes (37.53%), cows (42.41%), goats (36.14%) and sheep (29.00%). It was concluded that there is wider variety of ticks in Pakistan.

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Studies on prevalence, risk indicators and control options for tick infestation in ruminants

Cited by 43 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalence of Tick Infestation in Different Breeds of Cattle in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

Prevalence of Tick Infestation in Different Breeds of Cattle in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

Distribution of ticks infesting ruminants and risk factors associated with high tick prevalence in livestock farms in the semi-arid and arid agro-ecological zones of Pakistan

Prevalence of Tick Infestation in Farm Animals from Punjab, Pakistan

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