Studies on floral nectary, tepals’ structure, and gynostemium morphology of Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz (Orchidaceae)

Kowalkowska, Agnieszka K.; Kostelecka, J.; Bohdanowicz, J.; Kapusta, Małgorzata; Rojek, Joanna

doi:10.1007/s00709-014-0668-2

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The great number of mitochondria, numerous RER profi les, Golgi structures, and very abundant vesicles located in close proximity to the plasmalemma and in the cell wall may indicate a granulocrine mode of nectar secretion. Granulocrine secretion has been demonstrated by authors of other studies on the nectary structure in a number of plant species (Fahn and Benouaiche 1979, Sawidis 1989, O'Brien et al 1996, Weryszko-Chmielewska et al 2006, Wist and Davis 2006, Kowalkowska et al 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Structure of floral nectaries in Aesculus hippocastanum L.

Weryszko-Chmielewska¹,

Chwil²

2017

Acta Botanica Croatica

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-Representatives of the family Sapindaceae exhibit high morphological diversity of the nectary structure. The present paper shows for the fi rst time the results of micromorphological, anatomical, and ultrastructural analyses of fl oral nectaries in Aesculus hippocastanum. We have also described the forage and signal attractants of these fl owers, which are important for the ecology of pollination. Using light, fl uorescence, and electron microscopy, we demonstrated that the A. hippocastanum nectary forming a lobed disc is histologically differentiated into the epidermis with stomata, nectariferous parenchyma, subglandular parenchyma, and vascular bundles reaching the basal part of the nectariferous parenchyma. The use of histochemical assays revealed the presence of insoluble polysaccharides, lipids, terpenoids, and polyphenols including coumarins in the nectary tissues. Nectar is exuded onto the nectary surface via stomata and the permeable cuticle. As indicated by the observation of the ultrastructure of the nectary cells, transport of pre-nectar into parenchymal cells may proceed via the symplast and apoplast. We have also demonstrated that nectar transfer outside the protoplasts of parenchymal cells has a character of granulocrine secretion. A. hippocastanum fl owers produce nectar abundantly; one fl ower secreted on average 2.64 mg of nectar and the concentration of sugars in the nectar was 33%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Structure of floral nectaries in Aesculus hippocastanum L.

Weryszko-Chmielewska¹,

Chwil²

2017

Acta Botanica Croatica

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“…The sugars are transported in ER and after fusion with plasmalemma, they are released to the external surface (model proposed by [ 35 ], confirmed by [ 20 , 27 , 28 , 36 , 37 ]). Furthermore, the vesicles fusing with plasmalemma were described as active in granulocrine secretion in other orchid species, that is, in Restrepia [ 36 ], Gymnadenia [ 38 ], Anacamptis [ 18 ], Bulbophyllum [ 19 ], and Epipactis [ 20 ]. Under the force of collected nectar, the impermeable cuticle becomes very thin and breaks releasing the nectar outward [ 33 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Such lipid surface layer plays a role in reduction of water evaporation and lipids may be also a reward for pollinators [ 54 ]. The cell wall ingrowths are not observed in nectariferous cells of E. aphyllum , as in Epipactis palustris [ 20 ] and Limodorum abortivum [ 29 ]. This is explained by nectar chemistry [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral Nectary Anatomy and Ultrastructure in Mycoheterotrophic Plant,Epipogium aphyllumSw. (Orchidaceae)

Święczkowska

Kowalkowska

2015

The Scientific World Journal

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Epipogium aphyllum is a European-Asian obligatory mycoheterotrophic orchid containing no chlorophyll. Flowers are not resupinate with a sack-shape spur and cordate lip, which is divided into two parts: the basal (hypochile) and distal one (epichile). The floral analysis provides strong evidence to conclude that nectar is secreted on the upper surface of pink-coloured papillate ridges and epidermal (adaxial) cells at different place in spur, especially at the apex. The exudation on papillae has been observed through the entire anthesis and it has been stained on polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. The dense cytoplasm of papillae contains profuse endoplasmic reticulum, plentiful vesicles (bigger ones with tannin-like materials), numerous mitochondria, sometimes dictyosomes, starch grains, and plastids with tubular structures. The large electron-dense bodies in cell walls are structurally the same as tannin-like materials from vesicles that are in contact with plasmalemma. The rupture of thin layer of swelled cuticle is caused by pressure of gathered substances exuded due to granulocrine secretion. The idioblasts with raphides occur mainly in tepals tissue. The dynamic changes of the nectar exudation, released through endocrine secretion, have been noticeable during the anthesis: both on the lip and inside the spur. The nectar secretion is not dependent on the colour form of E. aphyllum blooming shoots. The floral biology and ultrastructure differ from mycoheterotrophic plants known up to date.

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“…(Pais 1987 ), the nectary is placed in the concave basal part of labellum called gutter (= hypochile). The shallow nectary of E. palustris (Kowalkowska et al 2015 ) is formed on the central broad isthmus of hypochile. The nectariferous cells are also found on lip knobs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral nectary and osmophore of Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz (Orchidaceae)

et al. 2018

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The analysis of flowers collected at different stages of anthesis provides strong evidence to conclude that the shell-shaped hypochile and the knobs of epichile form a nectary. The scent comes from the aromatic constituents of nectar and the epichile tissue and the apices of all tepals (osmophores). The comparison between pollinated and unpollinated flowers revealed that the anthesis of unpollinated flowers lasted up to the 16th day. The nectariferous secretory cells formed single-layered epidermis and several layers of underlying parenchyma built by small, isodiametric cells with thin walls and dense cytoplasm, relatively large nuclei, supplied by collateral vascular bundles. During the floral lifespan, the residues of secreted material were higher on the hypochile cells. The lipoid-carbohydrate material and lipid globules in the cell walls and in the cytoplasm were localised. The abundance of starch grains was observed at the beginning of anthesis and their gradual reduction during the flower lifespan. At the end of anthesis in unpollinated flowers, the lipoid-carbohydrate-phenolic materials have been demonstrated. The phenolic material was the same as in plastoglobuli. The features such as irregular plasmalemma, the secretory vesicles that fuse with it, fully developed dictyosomes, numerous profiles of ER indicate vesicle-mediated process of secretion. The substances could be transported by vesicles to the periplasmic space via granulocrine secretion and then to the external surface. Both micro-channels and slightly developed periplasmic space were visible in the hypochile epidermis. This is the first time for anatomical survey of secretory tissue in pollinated and unpollinated flowers of E. helleborine.

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Studies on floral nectary, tepals’ structure, and gynostemium morphology of Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz (Orchidaceae)

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Structure of floral nectaries in Aesculus hippocastanum L.

Structure of floral nectaries in Aesculus hippocastanum L.

Floral Nectary Anatomy and Ultrastructure in Mycoheterotrophic Plant,Epipogium aphyllumSw. (Orchidaceae)

Floral nectary and osmophore of Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz (Orchidaceae)

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