Studies on carbohydrates of red gram (Cajanus cajan) in relation to milling

Abstract

The nature of carbohydrates in a dificult-milling and an easy-milling cultivar of red gram (Cajanus cajan L ) was studied. These two cultivars of red gram were milled to obtain cotyledon, intermediate fraction and husk, and various carbohydrate fractions were isolated from them and chemically characterised. The cotyledon was rich in starch and proteins and contained a water soluble polysaccharide mainly of arabinan type. The intermediate fraction had less starch than in the cotyledon and was rich in free sugars. Arabinogalactantype polysaccharides were characteristic of the intermediate fraction and were gummy and hygroscopic in nature. The alkali insoluble residue in the intermediate fraction was a complex of cellulose and non-cellulosic polysaccharides. The content of this fraction and also of the pectin was greater in the dificult-milling cultivar. The husk was rich in non-starchy polysaccharides and contained varying amounts of arabinose and xylose in most of the fractions. Both glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid were present in the husk, whereas the cotyledon and intermediate fraction contained galacturonic acid only.

Effect of enzyme pre-dehulling treatments on dehulling and cooking properties of legumes

“…This moisture gradient may have facilitated the partial hydrolysis of NSP and proteins located in the interface between the seed coat and cotyledon by enzymes. There are various reports in the literature about the presence of NSP and glycoproteins in the seed coat and cell wall materials of green gram, black gram, red gram and horse gram (Bravo et al, 1999;Ramakrishnaiah and Kurien, 1983; Ryden and Selvendran, 1990;Stolle-Smits et al, 1995, 1997Showalter, 1993;Swamy et al, 1991). Xylanase-mediated degradation of NSP may have facilitated the easy dehulling of green gram, black gram and horse gram similar to the improvement in the expansion properties of horse gram reported previously (Sreerama et al, 2008a).…”

Sugar and Phenolic Acid Composition of Stored Commercial Oleaster Fruits

“…The carbohydrates were then extracted twice with hot 80% ethanol and 4 times with 70% ethanol (Swamy et al, 1991). The ethanolic extracts were concentrated at 403C under diminished pressure.…”

Sugar, Non-volatile and Phenolic Acids Composition of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L. var.ellipsoidea ) Fruits

“…The "ne powdered fruits (5 g) were defatted by extraction for 4 h with a mixture of petroleum ether and chloroform (1 : 1, v/v) at room temperature (Swamy et al, 1991). Defatted fruit samples were "rst extracted twice with 80% ethanol (5 mL) by 4 times extraction with 70% ethanol (10 mL).…”