Studies of the acute and long-term oral toxicity of chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate)

McCollister, Susan B.; Kociba, R.J.; Humiston, C. G.; McCollister, D.D.; Gehring, P.J.

doi:10.1016/0015-6264(74)90321-6

Cited by 75 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Our findings of the acute toxicity (LD 50 ) of chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, and diazinon in chicks are generally in agreement with their toxic effects reported by others (20,24,25,34,35 (36). According to their oral 24-hour LD 50 , these insecticides could be categorised as highly toxic in chicks (37,38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Acute Toxicity and Cholinesterase Inhibition in Chicks Dosed Orally with Organophosphate Insecticides

Mohammad

Albadrany

Al-Jobory

2008

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Acute toxic effects of three commonly used insecticidal preparations of the organophosphates chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and dichlorvos were examined in mixed breed broiler chicks, and cholinesterase activity in plasma and brain were measured. The acute (24 h) oral median lethal doses (LD 50 ) of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and dichlorvos were 10.79 mg kg -1 , 6.32 mg kg -1 , and 6.30 mg kg -1 , respectively, as determined by the up-and-down method in chicks. Signs of cholinergic toxicosis in the chicks appeared within two hours after dosing, and they included salivation, lacrimation, gasping, frequent defecation, drooping of wings, tremors, convulsions, and recumbency before death. Halving the oral LD 50 of chlorpyrifos (5 mg kg ) caused immobility and wing drooping, but not the clinical signs of cholinergic toxicity. However, at full LD 50 doses of these insecticides, chicks showed clinical signs of cholinergic toxicity similar to those seen in the LD 50 experiments. Two out of six chicks died within two hours after treatment with LD 50 doses of chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos, whereas LD 50 dosing with diazinon caused death in three out of six chicks. Compared to control values, the insecticides reduced plasma and whole brain cholinesterase activities by 29 % to 84 % and 18 % to 77 %, respectively, depending on the dose. The decrease in plasma cholinesterase correlated well (r = 0.82) with that of the brain. These data suggest that organophosphate insecticides administered orally at LD 50 doses induce clinical signs of cholinergic poisoning and concurrently reduce brain and plasma cholinesterase activities in chicks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Acute Toxicity and Cholinesterase Inhibition in Chicks Dosed Orally with Organophosphate Insecticides

Mohammad

Albadrany

Al-Jobory

2008

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…Gender-related differences in ChE activity were observed in the plasma and liver. We found, as have others (McCollister et al, 1974;Benke and Murphy, 1975;Stem et al, 1985a) that females have more plasma ChE activity than males. In contrast, female liver ChE activity is slightly less than male liver ChE activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Tissue-Specific Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Carboxylesterase and Cholinesterase Activity in Adult Rats: An in Vitro and in Vivo Comparison

et al. 1997

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“…No effects on the lung were noted following chronic-duration exposure of Sherman rats and beagle dogs to as much as 3 mg/kg-day chlorpyrifos in feed (McCollister et al, 1974).…”

Section: Iiia2 Acute and Subchronic Toxicity-organ System Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Similarly, exposure up to 15 mg/kg-day Dursban for 13 weeks caused no death in Fisher 344 rats (Dow, 1983b). In a chronic-duration oral exposure study, no deaths were observed in Sherman rats or beagle dogs exposed to up to 3 mg/kg-day chlorpyrifos in feed for up to 2 years (McCollister et al, 1974).…”

Section: Iiia1 Acute Lethality Studies-experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Toxicology of Chlorpyrifos With an Emphasis on Human Exposure and Neurodevelopment

Eaton¹,

Daroff²,

Autrup³

et al. 2008

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

567

413

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Studies of the acute and long-term oral toxicity of chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate)

Cited by 75 publications

References 2 publications

Acute Toxicity and Cholinesterase Inhibition in Chicks Dosed Orally with Organophosphate Insecticides

Acute Toxicity and Cholinesterase Inhibition in Chicks Dosed Orally with Organophosphate Insecticides

Tissue-Specific Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Carboxylesterase and Cholinesterase Activity in Adult Rats: An in Vitro and in Vivo Comparison

Review of the Toxicology of Chlorpyrifos With an Emphasis on Human Exposure and Neurodevelopment

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