“…In addition, the 21st century learning curriculum must be oriented to student productivity, innovative, effective, and creativity (Saipul, Kamid, Muslim, & Huda, 2020;Purwandari, Supriyatin, & Ristanto, 2022). Problem solving is an analytical process used to describe the solution to a problem, so that in the process it raises complex thoughts (Septian, & Aulia, 2021;Hidayati, Idris, & Handayani, 2022). Problem solving skills are skills in solving problems by producing effective solutions (Ocak, Doğruel, & Tepe, 2021).…”