Structure of a type IV CRISPR-Cas effector complex

Zhou, Yi; Bravo, Jack P.K.; Taylor, Hannah N.; Steens, Jurre A.; Jackson, Ryan N.; Staals, Raymond H.J.; Taylor, David W.

doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.231399

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Moreover, in contrast to the Csm complex, one of the catalytic residues (Asp42) of the Cas7 subtype IV-B complex is in a noncompatible position for target RNA cleavage. The study reported by Zhou et al reveals that type IV systems evolved from ancestors of type III-like systems [ 25 ].…”

Section: The Crispr–cas Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel CRISPR–Cas Systems: An Updated Review of the Current Achievements, Applications, and Future Research Perspectives

Nidhi

Anand

Olekšák

et al. 2021

IJMS

144

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According to Darwin’s theory, endless evolution leads to a revolution. One such example is the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)–Cas system, an adaptive immunity system in most archaea and many bacteria. Gene editing technology possesses a crucial potential to dramatically impact miscellaneous areas of life, and CRISPR–Cas represents the most suitable strategy. The system has ignited a revolution in the field of genetic engineering. The ease, precision, affordability of this system is akin to a Midas touch for researchers editing genomes. Undoubtedly, the applications of this system are endless. The CRISPR–Cas system is extensively employed in the treatment of infectious and genetic diseases, in metabolic disorders, in curing cancer, in developing sustainable methods for fuel production and chemicals, in improving the quality and quantity of food crops, and thus in catering to global food demands. Future applications of CRISPR–Cas will provide benefits for everyone and will save countless lives. The technology is evolving rapidly; therefore, an overview of continuous improvement is important. In this review, we aim to elucidate the current state of the CRISPR–Cas revolution in a tailor-made format from its discovery to exciting breakthroughs at the application level and further upcoming trends related to opportunities and challenges including ethical concerns.

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Section: The Crispr–cas Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel CRISPR–Cas Systems: An Updated Review of the Current Achievements, Applications, and Future Research Perspectives

Nidhi

Anand

Olekšák

et al. 2021

IJMS

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Type III CRISPR-Cas Systems: Deciphering the Most Complex Prokaryotic Immune System

Kolesnik

Fedorova

Karneyeva

et al. 2021

Biochemistry Moscow

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The emergence and persistence of selfish genetic elements is an intrinsic feature of all living systems. Cellular organisms have evolved a plethora of elaborate defense systems that limit the spread of such genetic parasites. CRISPR-Cas are RNA-guided defense systems used by prokaryotes to recognize and destroy foreign nucleic acids. These systems acquire and store fragments of foreign nucleic acids and utilize the stored sequences as guides to recognize and destroy genetic invaders. CRISPR-Cas systems have been extensively studied, as some of them are used in various genome editing technologies. Although Type III CRISPR-Cas systems are among the most common CRISPR-Cas systems, they are also some of the least investigated ones, mostly due to the complexity of their action compared to other CRISPR-Cas system types. Type III effector complexes specifically recognize and cleave RNA molecules. The recognition of the target RNA activates the effector large subunit – the so-called CRISPR polymerase – which cleaves DNA and produces small cyclic oligonucleotides that act as signaling molecules to activate auxiliary effectors, notably non-specific RNases. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the sometimes meandering pathway of the Type III CRISPR research. We also review the current data on the structures and activities of Type III CRISPR-Cas systems components, their biological roles, and evolutionary history. Finally, using structural modeling with AlphaFold2, we show that the archaeal HRAMP signature protein, which heretofore has had no assigned function, is a degenerate relative of Type III CRISPR-Cas signature protein Cas10, suggesting that HRAMP systems have descended from Type III CRISPR-Cas systems or their ancestors.

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