Structure and functions of nucleolin

Ginisty, Hervé; Sicard, Hélène; Roger, Benoît; Bouvet, Philippe

doi:10.1242/jcs.112.6.761

Cited by 653 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Remarkably, snoRNPs are depleted from the nucleolus in cells expressing a dominant–negative mutant of SMN [ 26 ], and this implies a role of SMN not only in the biogenesis of snoRNPs, but also in nucleolar architecture/composition. Nucleolin, one of the most abundant non-ribosomal proteins in the nucleolus, critically drives ribosome biogenesis [ 31 , 37 ]. It has been reported that SMN interacts with nucleolin [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coherently with its multitasking role, nucleolin also localizes in other subcellular regions, including the plasma membrane [ 35 , 36 ]. Nucleolin has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 77 kDa, while its apparent molecular mass of about 100 kDa has been attributed to multiple phosphorylation in the N-terminal domain [ 37 ]. Nucleolin is also known as an RNA-binding protein able to affect the fate of target mRNAs in multiple ways [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-Tuning of mTOR mRNA and Nucleolin Complexes by SMN

Gabanella

Barbato

Fiore

et al. 2021

Cells

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Increasing evidence points to the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein as a key determinant of translation pathway. Besides its role in RNA processing and sorting, several works support a critical implication of SMN in ribosome biogenesis. We previously showed that SMN binds ribosomal proteins (RPs) as well as their encoding transcripts, ensuring an appropriate level of locally synthesized RPs. SMN impacts the translation machinery in both neural and non-neural cells, in agreement with the concept that SMN is an essential protein in all cell types. Here, we further assessed the relationship between SMN and translation-related factors in immortalized human fibroblasts. We focused on SMN-nucleolin interaction, keeping in mind that nucleolin is an RNA-binding protein, highly abundant within the nucleolus, that exhibits a central role in ribosomes production. Nucleolin may also affects translation network by binding the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mRNA and promoting its local synthesis. In this regard, for the first time we provided evidence that SMN protein itself associates with mTOR transcript. Collectively, we found that: (1) SMN coexists with nucleolin–mTOR mRNA complexes at subcellular level; (2) SMN deficiency impairs nucleolar compartmentalization of nucleolin, and (3) this event correlates with the nuclear retention of mTOR mRNA. These findings suggest that SMN may regulate not only structural components of translation machinery, but also their upstream regulating factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-Tuning of mTOR mRNA and Nucleolin Complexes by SMN

Gabanella

Barbato

Fiore

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…It should be noted that NCL, with its acidic N-terminus, four RNA binding motifs in the middle, and a glycine/arginine-rich C-terminus, undergoes multiple post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, ADP-ribosylation, glycosylation, methylation, and phosphorylation [ 35 , 36 ] . These modifications affect its migration on SDS gels, giving a band of apparent MW of 120 kDa [ 37 ] . This altered migration is consistent with the migration of the upper band in our experiments ( Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel role for nucleolin in splice site selection

et al. 2022

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Latent 5ʹ splice sites, not normally used, are highly abundant in human introns, but are activated under stress and in cancer, generating thousands of nonsense mRNAs. A previously proposed mechanism to suppress latent splicing was shown to be independent of NMD, with a pivotal role for initiator-tRNA independent of protein translation. To further elucidate this mechanism, we searched for nuclear proteins directly bound to initiator-tRNA. Starting with UV-crosslinking, we identified nucleolin (NCL) interacting directly and specifically with initiator-tRNA in the nucleus, but not in the cytoplasm. Next, we show the association of ini-tRNA and NCL with pre-mRNA. We further show that recovery of suppression of latent splicing by initiator-tRNA complementation is NCL dependent. Finally, upon nucleolin knockdown we show activation of latent splicing in hundreds of coding transcripts having important cellular functions. We thus propose nucleolin, a component of the endogenous spliceosome, through its direct binding to initiator-tRNA and its effect on latent splicing, as the first protein of a nuclear quality control mechanism regulating splice site selection to protect cells from latent splicing that can generate defective mRNAs.

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“…Nucleolin, as well as another protein of 38 kDa (B23/No38), were commonly related only to nuclei. However, it was demonstrated that the major nucleolar proteins shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm [38,39].…”

Section: Intracytoplasmic Extruded Nuclear Chromatin and Nucleolimentioning

confidence: 99%

Extruded Nucleoli of Human Dental Pulp Cells

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives: The dental pulp stem cells are highly proliferative and can differentiate into various cell types, including endothelial cells. We aimed to evaluate the ultrastructural characteristics of the human dental pulp cells of the permanent frontal teeth. Materials and Methods: Human adult bioptic dental pulp was collected from n = 10 healthy frontal teeth of five adult patients, prior to prosthetic treatments for aesthetic purposes. Tissues were examined under transmission electron microscopy. Results: We identified cells with a peculiar trait: giant nucleoli resembling intranuclear endoplasmic reticulum, which mimicked extrusion towards the cytoplasm. These were either partly embedded within the nuclei, the case in which their adnuclear side was coated by marginal heterochromatin and the abnuclear side was coated by a thin rim of ribosomes, or were apparently isolated from the nuclei, while still being covered by ribosomes. Conclusions: Similar electron microscopy features were previously reported in the human endometrium, as nucleolar channel system; or R-Rings induced by Nopp140. To our knowledge, this is the first report of extruded nucleolar structure in the dental pulp. Moreover, the aspect of giant extruded nucleoli was not previously reported in any human cell type, although similar evidence was gathered in other species as well as in plants.

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Structure and functions of nucleolin

Cited by 653 publications

References 160 publications

Fine-Tuning of mTOR mRNA and Nucleolin Complexes by SMN

Fine-Tuning of mTOR mRNA and Nucleolin Complexes by SMN

A novel role for nucleolin in splice site selection

Extruded Nucleoli of Human Dental Pulp Cells

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